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  1. Every day in 2017, approximately 810 women died from preventable causes related to pregnancy and childbirth, with 99% of these maternal deaths occurring in low and lower-middle-income countries. Sub-Saharan Af...

    Authors: Zemenu Tadesse Tessema, Achamyeleh Birhanu Teshale, Getayeneh Antehunegn Tesema and Koku Sisay Tamirat
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:192
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. Bedouin women in Israel confront a challenging circumstance between their traditional patriarchal society and transition to modernity. In terms of reproductive health, they face grave disparities as women, pre...

    Authors: Rachel Sharaby and Hagit Peres
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:190
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. The age-specific definition of low anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) is lacking. This study aims to define an age-specific reference for low AMH and to evaluate the associated outcome in women undergoing IVF treatm...

    Authors: Depeng Zhao, Jing Fan, Ping Wang, Xuan Jiang, Jilong Yao and Xuemei Li
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:186
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. Pregnancy loss is common and several factors (e.g. chromosomal anomalies, parental age) are known to increase the risk of occurrence. However, much existing research focuses on recurrent loss; comparatively li...

    Authors: Erin Strumpf, Ariella Lang, Nichole Austin, Shelley A. Derksen, James M. Bolton, Marni D. Brownell, Dan Chateau, Patricia Gregory and Maureen I. Heaman
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:185
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. Diagnosis of endometrial receptivity is still unclear and conflicting. Despite advances in embryo development during assisted reproductive technologies (ART) cycles, the intricate process of implantation is st...

    Authors: R. Silva Martins, A. Helio Oliani, D. Vaz Oliani and J. Martinez de Oliveira
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:184
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. Mental wellbeing during pregnancy and the year after birth is critical to a range of maternal and infant outcomes. Many mental health interventions fail to incorporate stakeholder perspectives. The Catalyst Pr...

    Authors: Tatiana Taylor Salisbury, Katie H Atmore, Inocencia Nhambongo, Muanacha Mintade, Luciana Massinga, Jak Spencer, Jonathan West and Flavio Mandlate
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:183
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. Approximately one in five pregnant women have obesity. Obesity is associated with an increased risk of antenatal, intrapartum, and perinatal complications, but many women with obesity have uncomplicated pregna...

    Authors: Sophie Relph, Yanfang Guo, Alysha L. J. Harvey, Matias C. Vieira, Daniel J. Corsi, Laura M. Gaudet and Dharmintra Pasupathy
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:182
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. Since maternal mortality is a rare event, maternal near miss has been used as a proxy indicator for measuring maternal health. Maternal near miss (MNM) refers to a woman who nearly died but survived of complic...

    Authors: Shegaw Geze Tenaw, Nega Assefa, Teshale Mulatu and Abera Kenay Tura
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:181
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. Almost one-third of children under 5 years old in Indonesia suffer from stunting. Stunting can be prevented optimally during pregnancy as the initial phase of the first 1000 days of life. This study aims to de...

    Authors: Tria Astika Endah Permatasari, Fauza Rizqiya, Walliyana Kusumaningati, Inne Indraaryani Suryaalamsah and Zahrofa Hermiwahyoeni
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:180
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Breastfeeding plays an important role in the early stages of humans and throughout the development process. Breastfeeding competency is a self-assessment of pregnant women’s overall competency to breastfeeding...

    Authors: Yu Wu, Ying Wang, Jiazhen Hu, Yan Dang, Yuanyuan Zhang, Xiumei Qi, Qingxiu Tian, Aihua Wang and Yunfeng Li
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:179
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. Women living with HIV are at increased risk of poor mental health and intimate partner violence (IPV). Mental health disorders have been consistently associated with suboptimal HIV-related outcomes. Little is ...

    Authors: Angela M. Parcesepe, Evette Cordoba, John A. Gallis, Jennifer Headley, Berenger Tchatchou, John Hembling, Claudian Soffo and Joy Noel Baumgartner
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:178
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Preeclampsia is characterized by an excessive inflammatory response. Recent studies have shown that vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has anti-inflammatory properties in vivo. This study aims to investigate whethe...

    Authors: Linmei Zheng, Rong Tang, Lei Shi, Mei Zhong and Zhongyi Zhou
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:177
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Hospital-based kangaroo mother care can help reduce preventable newborn deaths and has been recommended by the World Health Organization in the care of low birthweight babies weighing 2000 g or less. However, ...

    Authors: Mai-Lei Woo Kinshella, Tamanda Hiwa, Kelly Pickerill, Marianne Vidler, Queen Dube, David Goldfarb, Alinane Linda Nyondo-Mipando and Kondwani Kawaza
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:176
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Accuracy of fetal weight estimation by ultrasound is essential in making decisions on the time and mode of delivery. There are many proposed formulas for fetal weight estimation such as Hadlock 1, Hadlock 2, H...

    Authors: Senai Goitom Sereke, Richard Okello Omara, Felix Bongomin, Sarah Nakubulwa and Harriet Nalubega Kisembo
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:175
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. Understanding the pregnant women’s perception of continuity of team midwifery care is necessary for introducing and implementing this model of midwife-led care in the Iranian maternity services. This qualitati...

    Authors: Sholeh Shahinfar, Parvin Abedi, Mahin Najafian, Zahra Abbaspoor, Eesa Mohammadi and Narges Alianmoghaddam
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:173
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. This study introduced machine learning approaches to predict newborn’s body mass index (BMI) based on ultrasound measures and maternal/delivery information.

    Authors: Kwang-Sig Lee, Ho Yeon Kim, Se Jin Lee, Sung Ok Kwon, Sunghun Na, Han Sung Hwang, Mi Hye Park and Ki Hoon Ahn
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:172
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. Psychological stress and coping experienced during pregnancy can have important effects on maternal and infant health, which can also vary by race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. Therefore, we assessed s...

    Authors: Celestina Barbosa-Leiker, Crystal Lederhos Smith, Erica J. Crespi, Olivia Brooks, Ekaterina Burduli, Samantha Ranjo, Cara L. Carty, Luciana E. Hebert, Sara F. Waters and Maria A. Gartstein
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:171
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. Nigeria is experiencing a high level of urbanization and urban poverty. Within Nigeria maternal and child health and family planning outcomes may differ by residence (capital city, urban/non-capital city and r...

    Authors: Kavita Singh, Ilene S. Speizer, Rashida-E Ijdi and Lisa M. Calhoun
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:170
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. It is challenging to decrease neonatal mortality in middle-income countries, where perinatal asphyxia is an important cause of death. This study aims to analyze the annual trend of neonatal mortality with peri...

    Authors: Mandira D. Kawakami, Adriana Sanudo, Mônica L. P. Teixeira, Solange Andreoni, Josiane Q. X. de Castro, Bernadette Waldvogel, Ruth Guinsburg and Maria Fernanda de Almeida
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:169
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. An unplanned pregnancy may be followed by increased depression and anxiety. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the mediating role of partner’s emotional reaction to pregnancy (PERP) on the relationsh...

    Authors: Ashraf Kazemi, Maryam Ghaedrahmati and Gholamreza Kheirabadi
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:168
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. The impact of using the Intergrowth (IG) dating formulae in comparison to the commonly used Robinson dating on the evaluation of biometrics and estimated fetal weight (EFW) has not been evaluated.

    Authors: N. Fries, F. Dhombres, M. Massoud, J. J. Stirnemann, R. Bessis, G. Haddad and L. J. Salomon
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:167
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Physical activity is generally considered safe for the pregnant woman as well as for her fetus. In Sweden, pregnant women without contraindications are recommended to engage in physical activity for at least 3...

    Authors: Lina Meander, Maria Lindqvist, Ingrid Mogren, Jonas Sandlund, Christina E. West and Magnus Domellöf
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:166
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. Low and mid station vacuum assisted deliveries (VAD) are delicate manual procedures that entail a high degree of subjectivity from the operator and are associated with adverse neonatal outcome. Little has been...

    Authors: Stefhanie Romero, Kristina Pettersson, Khurram Yousaf, Magnus Westgren and Gunilla Ajne
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:165
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. Labor pain during childbirth can have devastating effects on the progress of labor, mother, and fetus. Consequently, the management of labor pain is crucial for the well-being of the mother and fetus. Transcut...

    Authors: Anne Njogu, Si Qin, Yujie Chen, Lizhen Hu and Yang Luo
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:164
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Adult-onset Still’s disease (AOSD) is a self-inflammatory disease showing macrophage and neutrophil activation by inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-18. Although some cases with the flare of AO...

    Authors: Satoshi Hosoya, Miyuki Sadatsuki, Shinji Izuka, Hiroyuki Yamashita and Hajime Oishi
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:163
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  27. During pregnancy, physiological, psychological, and social changes affect pregnant women’s childcare anxiety and childrearing behavior. However, there are scarce reports on hormonal evaluation related to such ...

    Authors: Nozomi Sonoda, Kaori Takahata, Wataru Tarumi, Kazuyuki Shinohara and Shigeko Horiuchi
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:162
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. To achieve the Sustainable Development Goal target 3.1, the World Health Organisation recommends that all pregnant women receive antenatal care (ANC) from skilled providers, utilise the services of a skilled b...

    Authors: Edward Kwabena Ameyaw, Kwamena Sekyi Dickson and Kenneth Setorwu Adde
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:161
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. Preeclampsia has the greatest impact on maternal mortality which complicates nearly a tenth of pregnancies worldwide. It is one of the top five maternal mortality causes and responsible for 16 % of direct mate...

    Authors: Maru Mekie, Dagne Addisu, Minale Bezie, Abenezer Melkie, Dejen Getaneh, Wubet Alebachew Bayih and Wubet Taklual
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:160
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) in pregnant women contribute about 25% of all infections and are among the most frequent clinical bacterial infections. Pregnancy changes in women that include anatomical, physi...

    Authors: Bahati Johnson, Bawakanya Mayanja Stephen, Ngonzi Joseph, Owaraganise Asiphas, Kayondo Musa and Kabanda Taseera
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:159
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Fetal superior vena cava (SVC) is essentially the single vessel returning blood from the upper body to the heart. With approximately 80-85% of SVC blood flow representing cerebral venous return, its interrogat...

    Authors: Maria Stefopoulou, Lotta Herling, Jonas Johnson, Peter Lindgren, Torvid Kiserud and Ganesh Acharya
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:158
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is transmitted from mother to child which can be prevented via birth dose vaccine combined with three follow up hepatitis B vaccines, hepatitis B immunoglobulins (HBIG), and maternal an...

    Authors: Marieke Bierhoff, Chaisiri Angkurawaranon, Marcus J. Rijken, Kanlaya Sriprawa, Pachinee Kobphan, Francois N. Nosten, Michèle van Vugt, Rose McGready and Angela Devine
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:157
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. Rwanda has made great progress in improving reproductive, maternal, and newborn health (RMNH) care; however, barriers to ensuring timely and full RMNH service utilization persist, including women’s limited dec...

    Authors: Kate Doyle, Shamsi Kazimbaya, Ruti Levtov, Joya Banerjee, Myra Betron, Reena Sethi, Marie Rose Kayirangwa, Kristina Vlahovicova, Felix Sayinzoga and Rosemary Morgan
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:156
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. Associations between trajectories of systolic blood pressure (SBP) during pregnancy and pregnant outcomes remain unclear and disparate.

    Authors: Haoyue Teng, Yumei Wang, Bing Han, Jieyu Liu, Yingying Cao, Jiaxiang Wang, Xiaoyan Zhu, Jiaojiao Fu, Qi Ling, Chengqi Xiao, Zhongxiao Wan and Jieyun Yin
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:155
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. Excess gestational weight gain is common and an important risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes. Regular weighing can be used to assess and manage weight gain, but NICE guidelines do not recommend routine...

    Authors: Anne E. Ferrey, Nerys M. Astbury, Yvonne Kenworthy, Lucy Mackillop, Kerstin Frie and Susan A. Jebb
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:154
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Our aim was to conduct a post participation survey of respondent experiences with in-home remote patient monitoring via telehealth for blood pressure monitoring of women with postpartum hypertension. We hypoth...

    Authors: Nicole A. Thomas, Anna Drewry, Susan Racine Passmore, Nadia Assad and Kara K. Hoppe
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:153
    Content type: Research Published on:

  38. Low risk pregnancy ending in a vaginal birth is best served and guided by a midwife. Utilizing a midwife in such cases offers many emotional and economic advantages and does not increase the risks for mother o...

    Authors: Ying Liu, Tengteng Li, Nafei Guo, Hui Jiang, Yuehong Li, Chenying Xu and Xiao Yao
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:151
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. Focused antenatal care is directed at sustaining maternal health and improving fetal wellbeing to ensure birth of a healthy neonate. Failure to implement focused antenatal care can result in inability to reduc...

    Authors: Asressie Molla Tessema, Abebaw Gebeyehu, Solomon Mekonnen, Kassahun Alemu and Zemene Tigabu
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:150
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. Estimation of fetal weight (EFW) by ultrasound is useful in clinical decision-making. Numerous formulas for EFW have been published but have not been validated in pregnancies complicated by preterm premature r...

    Authors: Chelsie Warshafsky, Stefania Ronzoni, Paula Quaglietta, Eran Weiner, Arthur Zaltz, Jon Barrett, Nir Melamed and Amir Aviram
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:149
    Content type: Research Published on:

  41. In the entire population, an aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSA) is closely associated with chromosomal abnormalities. ARSA with additional ultrasonic findings would increase risk of chromosomal abnormalit...

    Authors: Li-Ping Chen, Yong-Feng Lai, Xiao-Hong Zhong, Jian-Hong You, Jiang-Hua Chen, Jing-Xian Xie, Xiao-Kang Chen, Xiao-Yan Chen and Guo-Rong Lyu
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:148
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Vitamin B12 is an essential micronutrient for neurological function, as it leads to the regeneration of methionine from homocysteine, which is precursor of biologically active molecule S-Adenosyl Methionine (S...

    Authors: Pooja Dhiman, Raji Ramachandran Pillai, Anand Babu Wilson, Nancy Premkumar, Balaji Bharadwaj, Veena P. Ranjan and Soundravally Rajendiran
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:146
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Migrant women may have an increased risk of adverse birth outcomes. This study analyses the occurrence of low birth weight, preterm birth and intrauterine growth restriction / fetal growth restriction (IUGR/FG...

    Authors: Juliane Ankert, Tanja Groten, Mathias W. Pletz, Sasmita Mishra, Gregor Seliger, Silvia M. Lobmaier, Clarissa Prazeres da Costa, Vera Seidel, Katharina von Weizsäcker, Alexandra Jablonka, Christian Dopfer and Benjamin T. Schleenvoigt
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:145
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. The promotion of vaginal birth after cesarean section (VBAC) is the best method for the reduction of repeated cesarean sections. Nonetheless, the decisional conflict which often results from inadequate patient...

    Authors: Fatemeh Hadizadeh-Talasaz, Faezeh Ghoreyshi, Fatemeh Mohammadzadeh and Roghaieh Rahmani
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:144
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. Diagnoses of perinatal opioid use disorder (OUD) continue to rise in the United States. Patients and providers report obstacles to OUD treatment access. Difficulties include legal ambiguity related to Social S...

    Authors: Catherine Leiner, Tamara Cody, Nathan Mullins, Melinda Ramage and Bayla M. M. Ostrach
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:143
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) increased risk of perinatal complications for both the women and the fetuses. The association between the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphism and GDM has not been tho...

    Authors: Jianqiong Liu, Qiong Dai, Wei Li, Yan Guo, Anna Dai, Yanqing Wang, Mengyao Deng, Zhao Tang, Lu She, Xiaohong Chen and Mei Yang
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:142
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Although infection and inflammation within the genital tract during pregnancy is considered a major risk factor for spontaneous preterm birth (PTB), there are few studies on association between vaginal microor...

    Authors: Sho Tano, Takuji Ueno, Michinori Mayama, Takuma Yamada, Takehiko Takeda, Kaname Uno, Masato Yoshihara, Mayu Ukai, Teppei Suzuki, Yasuyuki Kishigami and Hidenori Oguchi
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:141
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Inasmuch as induced abortions, miscarriages and stillbirths constitute common adverse pregnancy outcomes contributing to poor maternal health, there is paucity of literature about these in Ghana. We investigat...

    Authors: Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Abdul-Aziz Seidu, Edward Kwabena Ameyaw, Eugene Budu, Freda Bonsu and Bupe Mwamba
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:140
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. Autoimmunity increases with age and is often commonly evaluated in women of the reproductive age group. Prevalence of thyroid antibodies is common even in euthyroid pregnant women. We aim to compare the associ...

    Authors: Zareen Kiran, Aisha Sheikh and Najmul Islam
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:136
    Content type: Research article Published on:
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BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth

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