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  1. Computed tomography (CT) is the preferred imaging technique for the evaluation of COVID-19 pneumonia. However, it is not suitable as a monitoring tool for pregnant women because of the risk of ionizing radiati...

    Authors: Qing Deng, Sheng Cao, Hao Wang, Yao Zhang, Liao Chen, Zhaohui Yang, Zhoufeng Peng and Qing Zhou
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:259
  2. Nulliparity is considered to be a risk factor of preterm birth (PTB), low birth weight (LBW) and small for gestational age (SGA). With the new two-child policy launched in 2016, more Chinese women have deliver...

    Authors: Li Lin, Ciyong Lu, Weiqing Chen, Chunrong Li and Vivian Yawei Guo
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:257
  3. Waterbirth is widely available in English maternity settings for women who are not at increased risk of complications during labour. Immersion in water during labour is associated with a number of maternal ben...

    Authors: H. Aughey, J. Jardine, N. Moitt, K. Fearon, J. Hawdon, D. Pasupathy, I. Urganci and T. Harris
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:256

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:388

  4. Adolescent pregnancy is a major public health problem both in developed and developing countries with huge consequences to maternal health and pregnancy outcomes. However, there is limited evidence on the prev...

    Authors: Misganaw Gebrie Worku, Zemenu Tadesse Tessema, Achamyeleh Birhanu Teshale, Getayeneh Antehunegn Tesema and Yigizie Yeshaw
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:253
  5. Pregnant women use information sources for their own health and health of their children. However, despite the importance of trusting the information sources, pregnant women may not have the ability to verify ...

    Authors: Safoura Taheri, Mahmoud Tavousi, Zohre Momenimovahed, Ashraf Direkvand-Moghadam, Nazanin Rezaei, Nasibeh Sharifi and Ziba Taghizadeh
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:252
  6. Accurate birthweight is critical to inform clinical care at the individual level and tracking progress towards national/global targets at the population level. Low birthweight (LBW) < 2500 g affects over 20.5 ...

    Authors: Stefanie Kong, Louise T. Day, Sojib Bin Zaman, Kimberly Peven, Nahya Salim, Avinash K. Sunny, Donat Shamba, Qazi Sadeq-ur Rahman, Ashish K.C., Harriet Ruysen, Shams El Arifeen, Paul Mee, Miriam E. Gladstone, Hannah Blencowe and Joy E. Lawn
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21(Suppl 1):240

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 21 Supplement 1

  7. Umbilical cord hygiene prevents sepsis, a leading cause of neonatal mortality. The World Health Organization recommends 7.1% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) application to the umbilicus after home birth in hig...

    Authors: Sojib Bin Zaman, Abu Bakkar Siddique, Harriet Ruysen, Ashish KC, Kimberly Peven, Shafiqul Ameen, Nishant Thakur, Qazi Sadeq-ur Rahman, Nahya Salim, Rejina Gurung, Tazeen Tahsina, Ahmed Ehsanur Rahman, Patricia S. Coffey, Barbara Rawlins, Louise T. Day, Joy E. Lawn…
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21(Suppl 1):239

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 21 Supplement 1

  8. Population-based household surveys, notably the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS), remain the main source of maternal and newborn health data for many low- and ...

    Authors: Shafiqul Ameen, Abu Bakkar Siddique, Kimberly Peven, Qazi Sadeq-ur Rahman, Louise T. Day, Josephine Shabani, Ashish KC, Dorothy Boggs, Donat Shamba, Tazeen Tahsina, Ahmed Ehsanur Rahman, Sojib Bin Zaman, Aniqa Tasnim Hossain, Anisuddin Ahmed, Omkar Basnet, Honey Malla…
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21(Suppl 1):238

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 21 Supplement 1

  9. Birth registration marks a child’s right to identity and is the first step to establishing citizenship and access to services. At the population level, birth registration data can inform effective programming ...

    Authors: Sarah Reed, Josephine Shabani, Dorothy Boggs, Nahya Salim, Sillanoga Ng’unga, Louise T. Day, Kimberly Peven, Stefanie Kong, Harriet Ruysen, Debra Jackson, Donat Shamba and Joy E. Lawn
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21(Suppl 1):236

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 21 Supplement 1

  10. Annually, 14 million newborns require stimulation to initiate breathing at birth and 6 million require bag-mask-ventilation (BMV). Many countries have invested in facility-based neonatal resuscitation equipmen...

    Authors: Ashish KC, Kimberly Peven, Shafiqul Ameen, Georgina Msemo, Omkar Basnet, Harriet Ruysen, Sojib Bin Zaman, Martha Mkony, Avinash K. Sunny, Qazi Sadeq-ur Rahman, Josephine Shabani, Ram Chandra Bastola, Evelyne Assenga, Naresh P. KC, Shams El Arifeen, Edward Kija…
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21(Suppl 1):235

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 21 Supplement 1

  11. Policymakers need regular high-quality coverage data on care around the time of birth to accelerate progress for ending preventable maternal and newborn deaths and stillbirths. With increasing facility births,...

    Authors: Donat Shamba, Louise T. Day, Sojib Bin Zaman, Avinash K. Sunny, Menna Narcis Tarimo, Kimberly Peven, Jasmin Khan, Nishant Thakur, Md. Taqbir Us Samad Talha, Ashish K.C., Rajib Haider, Harriet Ruysen, Tapas Mazumder, Md. Hafizur Rahman, Md. Ziaul Haque Shaikh, Johan Ivar Sæbø…
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21(Suppl 1):233

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 21 Supplement 1

  12. Kangaroo mother care (KMC) reduces mortality among stable neonates ≤2000 g. Lack of data tracking coverage and quality of KMC in both surveys and routine information systems impedes scale-up. This paper evalua...

    Authors: Nahya Salim, Josephine Shabani, Kimberly Peven, Qazi Sadeq-ur Rahman, Ashish KC, Donat Shamba, Harriet Ruysen, Ahmed Ehsanur Rahman, Naresh KC, Namala Mkopi, Sojib Bin Zaman, Kizito Shirima, Shafiqul Ameen, Stefanie Kong, Omkar Basnet, Karim Manji…
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21(Suppl 1):231

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 21 Supplement 1

  13. Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is a leading cause of preventable maternal mortality worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends uterotonic administration for every woman after birth to prevent PPH....

    Authors: Harriet Ruysen, Josephine Shabani, Claudia Hanson, Louise T. Day, Andrea B. Pembe, Kimberly Peven, Qazi Sadeq-ur Rahman, Nishant Thakur, Kizito Shirima, Tazeen Tahsina, Rejina Gurung, Menna Narcis Tarimo, Allisyn C. Moran and Joy E. Lawn
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21(Suppl 1):230

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 21 Supplement 1

  14. We aimed at developing a core outcome and variables of interest set to investigate the effects of mediolateral episiotomy on Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injury (OASI) during and after operative delivery in nullip...

    Authors: Bertrand Gachon, Thomas Schmitz, France Artzner, Olivier Parant, Renaud De Tayrac, Guillaume Ducarme, Camille Le Ray, Anne Cécile Pizzoferrato, Charles Garabedian, Didier Riethmuller, Fabrice Pierre, Stephanie Ragot and Xavier Fritel
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:251
  15. Chorioamnionitis may cause serious perinatal and neonatal adverse outcomes, and group B streptococcus (GBS) is one of the most common bacteria isolated from human chorioamnionitis. The present study analyzed t...

    Authors: Jie Ren, Zhe Qiang, Yuan-yuan Li and Jun-na Zhang
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:250
  16. Virtual reality (VR) is a computer technology that simulates the real world to allow users to communicate with a similar but artificial environment. VR technologies can be used in pregnancy to help mothers gai...

    Authors: Sadrieh Hajesmaeel-Gohari, Fatemeh Sarpourian and Elaheh Shafiei
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:249
  17. The importance of breastfeeding for maternal and child health is agreed upon worldwide. However, lactation-related nipple problems are common and are important factors affecting breastfeeding. Multiple studies...

    Authors: Zhi Wang, Qiuyue Liu, Lihua Min and Xiaorong Mao
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:248
  18. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Due to the lack of effective treatments for COVID-19, it becomes imperative to assess the geographical differences and trends...

    Authors: Pallavi Dubey, Bhaskar Thakur, Sireesha Reddy, Carla A. Martinez, Md Nurunnabi, Sharron L. Manuel, Sadhana Chheda, Christina Bracamontes and Alok K. Dwivedi
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:247
  19. In 2010, the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group (IADPSG) proposed new criteria indicating that gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) can be diagnosed if the fasting threshold of ≤92 ...

    Authors: Ryosuke Shindo, Shigeru Aoki, Sayuri Nakanishi, Toshihiro Misumi and Etsuko Miyagi
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:246
  20. Monochorionic diamniotic triplet pregnancies are rare. Twin reversed arterial perfusion sequence in monochorionic triplet pregnancies is extremely rare, and it is associated with high perinatal morbidity and m...

    Authors: Guiqiong Huang, Hua Liao, Qing Hu, Xiaodong Wang and Haiyan Yu
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:245
  21. Caesarean section rates are higher among pregnancies conceived by assisted reproductive technology (ART) compared to spontaneous conceptions (SC), implying an increase in neonatal and maternal morbidity. We ai...

    Authors: Nakeisha A. Lodge-Tulloch, Flavia T. S. Elias, Jessica Pudwell, Laura Gaudet, Mark Walker, Graeme N. Smith and Maria P. Velez
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:244
  22. The aim of the study was a retrospective comparison of the differences in maternal-foetal outcomes between women with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T1DM and T2DM).

    Authors: Valentina Guarnotta, Mariagrazia Irene Mineo, Emanuela Giacchetto, Maria Pia Imbergamo and Carla Giordano
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:243
  23. Twin-twin transfusion syndrome is a highly morbid condition that can affect parental attachment and depression risk. Studies addressing this rare condition are hard to conduct and thus lacking in the literatur...

    Authors: Georges Rameh, Pia Tohme, Rudy Abi-Habib and Gihad E Chalouhi
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:242
  24. In this correspondence we thank the authors for highlighting the importance of our work, and agree with the limitations they have raised regarding performing this study.

    Authors: Fiona L. Mackie, R. Katie Morris and Mark D. Kilby
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:241
  25. Induction of labor is an artificial initiation of uterine contractions after fetal viability with the aim of vaginal delivery prior to the onset of spontaneous labor. Prevalence of induction of labor is increa...

    Authors: Tibeb Zena Debele, Endeshaw Admassu Cherkos, Marta Berta Badi, Kiber Temesgen Anteneh, Fitsum Wolde Demssie, Abdella Amano Abdo and Muhabaw Shumye Mihret
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:225
  26. Emergency cesarean section is a commonly performed surgical procedure in pregnant women with life-threatening conditions of the mother and/or fetus. According to the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynecologis...

    Authors: Tebabere Moltot Kitaw, Simachew Kassa Limenh, Fantahun Alemnew Chekole, Simegnew Asmer Getie, Belete Negese Gemeda and Abayneh Shewangzaw Engda
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:224
  27. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by reproductive disorder and increased risk of metabolic syndrome. This study aimed to assess the metabolic parameters in the cord blood of neonate of mothers wit...

    Authors: Sanaz Alizadeh, Shahideh Jahanian Sadatmahalleh, Fatemeh Razavinia, Mahnaz Bahri Khomami, Malihe Nasiri, Ashraf Moini and Saeideh Ziaei
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:223
  28. Fear of childbirth is reported in 13% of fathers, and it may have adverse consequences for the fathers’ health as well as their families. To reduce the fear of childbirth in the expectant fathers, an appropria...

    Authors: Seyedeh Fatemeh Ghaffari, Hamid Sharif Nia, Forouzan Elyasi, Zohreh Shahhosseini and Zohre Mohammadpoorsaravimozafar
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:222

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:319

  29. Domestic violence during pregnancy as one of the most common social problems and major challenges of health systems can affect the health of the mother and fetus. The study aimed to compare the two groups of i...

    Authors: Sepideh Dinmohammadi, Mohsen Dadashi, Elahe Ahmadnia, Leila Janani and Roghieh Kharaghani
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:221
  30. Free maternal healthcare financing schemes play an essential role in the quality of services rendered to clients during antenatal care in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). However, healthcare managers’ and providers’ ...

    Authors: Monica Ansu-Mensah, Frederick Inkum Danquah, Vitalis Bawontuo, Peter Ansu-Mensah, Tahiru Mohammed, Roseline H. Udoh and Desmond Kuupiel
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:220
  31. Lumbopelvic pain (LPP) is common during pregnancy and can have long-lasting negative consequences in terms of disability and reduced quality of life. Therefore, it is crucial to identify women at risk of havin...

    Authors: Nina Goossens, Inge Geraerts, Lizelotte Vandenplas, Zahra Van Veldhoven, Anne Asnong and Lotte Janssens
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:219
  32. Providing high quality and respectful care during pregnancy and birth is one of the ways to reduce complications in women. Respectful care is a type of care that requires a valid instrument to measure. This st...

    Authors: Mina Esmkhani, Masoumeh Namadian, Ali Nooroozy and Jeffrey E. Korte
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:218
  33. Most post-licensure vaccine pharmacovigilance in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are passive reporting systems. These have limited utility for maternal immunization pharmacovigilance in LMIC settings ...

    Authors: Mabel Berrueta, Agustin Ciapponi, Ariel Bardach, Federico Rodriguez Cairoli, Fabricio J. Castellano, Xu Xiong, Andy Stergachis, Sabra Zaraa, Ajoke Sobanjo-ter Meulen and Pierre Buekens
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:217
  34. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and excessive body weight are two key risk factors for adverse perinatal outcomes. However, it is not clear whether restricted gestational weight gain (GWG) is favorable to ...

    Authors: Wei Zheng, Wenyu Huang, Cheng Liu, Qi Yan, Li Zhang, Zhihong Tian, Xianxian Yuan and Guanghui Li
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:216
  35. China has one of the highest caesarean section (C-Section) rates in the world. In recent years, China has been experiencing a massive flow of migration due to rapid urbanization. In this study, we aimed to dif...

    Authors: Ming Liu, Mengqi Xue, Qing Yang, Wenchong Du, Xiaoling Yan, Jing Tan, Tao Duan and Jing Hua
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:215
  36. Prevalence of neonatal microcephaly in populations without Zika-epidemics is sparse. The study aimed to report baseline prevalence of congenital microcephaly and its relationship with prenatal factors in an ar...

    Authors: Songying Shen, Wanqing Xiao, Lifang Zhang, Jinhua Lu, Anna Funk, Jianrong He, Si Tu, Jia Yu, Li Yang, Arnaud Fontanet, Wei Bao, Kar Keung Cheng and Xiu Qiu
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:214
  37. Sub-Saharan Africa is the region with the highest neonatal mortality rate, with Uganda reporting 20 deaths per 1000 live births. The Uganda Clinical Guidelines (UCG) from 2016 have detailed descriptions on car...

    Authors: Marte Bodil Roed, Ingunn Marie Stadskleiv Engebretsen and Robert Mangeni
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:213
  38. Asymptomatic carriage of COVID-19 in pregnant women has been reported and could lead to outbreaks in maternity units. We sought to ascertain the impact of rapid isothernal nucleic acid based testing for COVID-...

    Authors: Ruiling Xu, Tara Alicia Pauley, Hannah Missfelder-Lobos, Richard John Haddon, Ravindra Kumar Gupta and Hsu Phern Chong
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:212
  39. Umbilical cord may insert abnormally i.e. marginal insertion to a placenta which can cause different birth and perinatal complications. Despite the increased effort taken by different responsible bodies, the p...

    Authors: Hailu Aragie and Mohammed Oumer
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:211
  40. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and macrosomia are associated with several adverse outcomes including diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases, however, the relationship between GDM/macrosomia with in...

    Authors: Mohammad Vahidi, Samaneh Asgari, Maryam Tohidi, Fereidoun Azizi and Farzad Hadaegh
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:210
  41. Antenatal care (ANC) provides an opportunity to prevent, identify and intervene maternal health problems. Maternal near miss (MNM), as an indicator of maternal health, is increasingly gaining global attention ...

    Authors: Tayue Tateke Kebede, Wanzahun Godana, Mesfin Mamo Utaile and Yemisirach Berhanu Sebsibe
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:209
  42. Pregnancy is a risk factor for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Pregnant women suffer from varying levels of pregnancy-related anxiety (PRA) which can negatively affect pregnancy outcomes. The aim of this ...

    Authors: Zeinab Hamzehgardeshi, Shabnam Omidvar, Arman Asadi Amoli and Mojgan Firouzbakht
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:208
  43. Along with progress in embryo cryopreservation, especially the vitrification, freeze all strategy has become more acceptable than ever. Some studies have found comparable or higher live birth rate with frozen ...

    Authors: Xiaoyan Ding, Jingwei Yang, Lan Li, Na Yang, Ling Lan, Guoning Huang and Hong Ye
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:207
  44. China had the second largest proportion of preterm birth (PTB) internationally. However, only 11% of pregnant women in China meet international guidelines for maternal physical activity, a significantly lower ...

    Authors: Miao Cai, Bin Zhang, Rong Yang, Tongzhang Zheng, Guanghui Dong, Hualiang Lin, Steven E. Rigdon, Hong Xian, Leslie Hinyard, Pamela K. Xaverius, Echu Liu, Thomas E. Burroughs, Daire R. Jansson, Morgan H. LeBaige, Shaoping Yang and Zhengmin Qian
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:206
  45. Recent UK maternity policy changes recommend that a named midwife supports women throughout their pregnancy, birth and postnatal care. Whilst many studies report high levels of satisfaction amongst women recei...

    Authors: N. Dharni, H. Essex, M. J. Bryant, A. Cronin de Chavez, K. Willan, D. Farrar, T. Bywater and J. Dickerson
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:205
  46. Premature delivery is among the leading causes of perinatal mortality and morbidity in developed societies, which is an important obstetrics problem. Maternal periodontitis is a prevalent condition that has be...

    Authors: Peace Uwambaye, Cyprien Munyanshongore, Stephen Rulisa, Harlan Shiau, Assuman Nuhu and Michael S. Kerr
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:204
  47. It is well known that recruitment is a challenging aspect of any study involving human subjects. This challenge is exacerbated when the population sought is reticent to participate in research as is the case w...

    Authors: Rebecca Smith, Crystal Alvarez, Sylvia Crixell and Michelle A. Lane
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:203
  48. Stillbirth is defined as fetal loss in pregnancy beyond 28 weeks by WHO. In this study, a machine-learning based method is proposed to predict stillbirth from livebirth and discriminate stillbirth before and d...

    Authors: Toktam Khatibi, Elham Hanifi, Mohammad Mehdi Sepehri and Leila Allahqoli
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:202
  49. Increasing the use of healthcare is a significant step in improving health outcomes in both the short and long term. However, the degree of the relationship between utilization of health services and health ou...

    Authors: Edward Kwabena Ameyaw, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Linus Baatiema and Abdul-Aziz Seidu
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:201
  50. Maternal overweight is increasing, and it is associated with several risk factors for both the mother and child. Healthy lifestyle behaviors adopted during pregnancy are likely to impact women’s health positiv...

    Authors: Johanna Saarikko, Hannakaisa Niela-Vilén, Amir M. Rahmani and Anna Axelin
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:200

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