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  1. A high rate of cesarean delivery has become a cause of global concern. Although the rate of cesarean delivery has declined over recent years, it remains at a high level largely because of cesarean delivery on ...

    Authors: Ruibin Deng, Xian Tang, Jiaxiu Liu, Yuwen Gao and Xiaoni Zhong
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:384
  2. Adenomyosis (AM) and endometriosis (EM) often coexist. Laparoscopic surgery is one of the main methods for diagnosing and treating these conditions. This study aims to investigate the pregnancy outcomes of wom...

    Authors: Jinghua Shi, Yi Dai, Junji Zhang, Xiaoyan Li, Shuangzheng Jia and Jinhua Leng
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:383
  3. Primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) is a relatively rare malignant small round cell tumor, and the occurrence of cervical PNET during pregnancy is extremely rare.

    Authors: Xiang Feng, Lina Zhang, Yanling Tan, Aihua Feng, Fei Luo, Mengfan Xu, Hong Ye, Hongyu Zhu, Peng Zhou and Hua Li
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:382
  4. Meier-Gorlin syndrome 7 (MGS7) is a rare autosomal recessive condition. We reported a fetus diagnosed with Meier-Gorlin syndrome 7. The antenatal sonographic images were presented, and compound heterozygous mu...

    Authors: Xia Li, Lan-Zhen Zhang, Lin Yu, Zhao-Lua Long, An-Yun Lin and Chen-Yu Gou
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:381
  5. Maternal Death Reviews (MDR) can assist in formulating prevention strategies to reduce maternal mortality. To support MDR, an adequate MDR instrument is required to accurately identify the underlying causes of...

    Authors: Ratnasari D. Cahyanti, Widyawati Widyawati and Mohammad Hakimi
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:380
  6. Neonatal mortality accounts for more than 47% of deaths among children under five globally but proper care at and around the time of birth could prevent about two-thirds of these deaths. The Every Newborn Acti...

    Authors: Fariba Mirbaha-Hashemi, Batool Tayefi, Zahra Rampisheh, Arash Tehrani-Banihashemi, Mozhdeh Ramezani, Narjes Khalili, Omid Pournik, Rahim Taghizadeh-Asl, Abbas Habibelahi, Mohammad Heidarzadeh and Maziar Moradi-Lakeh
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:379
  7. Physiological changes during pregnancy put pregnant women at higher risk for COVID-19 complications. The objective of this study was to evaluate clinical and laboratory characteristics and outcomes of 24 COVID...

    Authors: Maryam Vaezi, Mojgan Mirghafourvand and Shahla Hemmatzadeh
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:378
  8. Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality and its incidence is increasing in many countries despite management guidelines. A national quality improvement programme calle...

    Authors: Sarah F. Bell, Rachel E. Collis, Philip Pallmann, Christopher Bailey, Kathryn James, Miriam John, Kevin Kelly, Thomas Kitchen, Cerys Scarr, Adam Watkins, Tracey Edey, Elinore Macgillivray, Kathryn Greaves, Ingrid Volikas, James Tozer, Niladri Sengupta…
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:377
  9. Postpartum women are at higher risk of depression compared to the general population. Despite the mental health benefits an active lifestyle can provide, postpartum women engage in low physical activity and hi...

    Authors: Maria Apostolopoulos, Jill A. Hnatiuk, Jaimie-Lee Maple, Ellinor K. Olander, Leah Brennan, Paige van der Pligt and Megan Teychenne
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:376
  10. Uterine rupture is a rare, life-threatening event in obstetrics that may be fatal for the mother and fetus. Therefore, obstetricians need to pay attention to and should consider the antenatal diagnosis of uter...

    Authors: Chun Tong, Lijun Gong, Yuan Wei, Zhaohui Liu, Yiting Wang and Pengbo Yuan
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:375
  11. The gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist protocol has some advantages, such as a simple method, short medication duration, and low incidence of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, but whether the G...

    Authors: Min Xia and Jie Zheng
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:372
  12. Women’s attitudes towards obstetric forceps likely contribute to declining use and opportunities for residency training, but formal documentation of women’s attitudes towards obstetric forceps is currently lim...

    Authors: Jasmine M. Hitt, Angela S. Martin, Jordan E. Dietrich, Natasha Ahmed and Gene T. Lee
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:371
  13. Congenital megaduodenum is a rare disorder; however, its prenatal diagnosis has not been reported previously. We report the case of an abdominal cystic mass in a fetus that was later diagnosed as megaduodenum.

    Authors: Kaihui Zeng, Dongmei Li, Yao Zhang, Chengcheng Cao, Ruobing Bai, Zeyu Yang and Lizhu Chen
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:370
  14. In many countries, the increase in facility births is accompanied by a high rate of obstetric interventions. Lower birthrates or elevated risk factors such as women’s higher age at childbirth and an increased ...

    Authors: Stephan Oelhafen, Manuel Trachsel, Settimio Monteverde, Luigi Raio and Eva Cignacco
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:369

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:437

  15. Spontaneous preterm birth is a global issue that contributed to perinatal morbidities and mortalities worldwide. The study aimed to describe the experience at UKM Medical Center in managing women at high risk ...

    Authors: Rahana Abd Rahman, Ixora Kamisan Atan, Anizah Ali, Aida Mohd Kalok, Nor Azlin Mohamed Ismail, Zaleha Abdullah Mahdy and Shuhaila Ahmad
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:368
  16. Prophylactic uterine artery embolization (UAE) combined with subsequent curettage is suggested as an effective and minimally invasive treatment strategy for cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) with a high bleeding r...

    Authors: Qiao Wang, Hongling Peng, Xia Zhao and Xiaorong Qi
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:367
  17. Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) is a common complication during pregnancy, however, HG associated simultaneous onset of blood cell destruction due to electrolyte abnormalities is rare. In this case, a woman with r...

    Authors: Xiyu Pan, Ran Chu, Jinyu Meng, Qiannan Wang, Yue Zhang, Kun Song, Xingsheng Yang and Beihua Kong
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:366
  18. Accurate estimation of fetal weight is important for prenatal care and for detection of fetal growth abnormalities. Prediction of fetal weight entails the indirect measurement of fetal biometry by ultrasound t...

    Authors: Xining Wu, Zihan Niu, Zhonghui Xu, Yuxin Jiang, Yixiu Zhang, Hua Meng and Yunshu Ouyang
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:365
  19. Relevant studies focusing on epidemiological of profiles hypertensive disorders of pregnancy from global data that report the cause-specific prevalence and trends of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy at glob...

    Authors: Wei Wang, Xin Xie, Ting Yuan, Yanyan Wang, Fei Zhao, Zhangjian Zhou and Hao Zhang
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:364
  20. Two meta-analyses have shown that pregnancy and birth rates are significantly higher after blastocyst transfer than after cleaved embryo transfer. Other studies have revealed that a serum progesterone level > ...

    Authors: P. Merviel, S. Bouée, A. S. Jacamon, J. J. Chabaud, M. T. Le Martelot, S. Roche, C. Rince, H. Drapier, A. Perrin and D. Beauvillard
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:363
  21. Infant mortality remains a serious global public health problem. The global infant mortality rate has decreased significantly over time, but the rate of decline in most African countries, including Ethiopia, i...

    Authors: Getayeneh Antehunegn Tesema, Wullo Sisay Seretew, Misganaw Gebrie Worku and Dessie Abebaw Angaw
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:362
  22. In assisted reproduction technology embryo competence is routinely evaluated on morphological criteria but efficacy remains relatively low. Additional information could be obtained by evaluating pronuclear (PN...

    Authors: Sara Stigliani, Claudia Massarotti, Francesca Bovis, Ida Casciano, Fausta Sozzi, Valentino Remorgida, Angelo Cagnacci, Paola Anserini and Paola Scaruffi
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:361
  23. Currently, there are no studies on changes in the incidence of uterine rupture or maternal and foetal outcomes in women with uterine rupture during different birth policy periods in China. Moreover, the result...

    Authors: Yangwen Zhou, Yi Mu, Peiran Chen, Yanxia Xie, Jun Zhu and Juan Liang
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:360
  24. Diagnosis of preterm labour is difficult because initial symptoms and signs are often mild and may occur in continuing pregnancies. This study aims to investigate the utility of measuring cervical length, usin...

    Authors: Tiffany Tuck Chin Wong, Xiaoqi Yong, Janice Su Zhen Tung, Beatrice Jia Ying Lee, Joanne Mei Xin Chan, Ruochen Du, Tai Wai Yeo and George Seow Heong Yeo
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:359
  25. Physiological adaptation in pregnancy is characterized by remodeling of endocrine, cardiovascular and renal functions leading to fluid retention, volume expansion, altered cardiac loading conditions and hyperd...

    Authors: Rima D. Yarlagadda, Jonas Johnson, Åse Vårtun, Kari Flo and Ganesh Acharya
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:358
  26. There are no accurate estimates of the prevalence of non-severe maternal morbidities. Given the lack of instruments to fully assess these morbidities, the World Health Organization (WHO) developed an instrumen...

    Authors: M. N. Lamus, S. Pabon, C. MPoca, J. P. Guida, M. A. Parpinelli, J. G. Cecatti, M. F. Vidarte and M. L. Costa
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:357
  27. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) introduced a new standard of care in 2014, extending the duration of the second stage of labor in order to reduce caesarean delivery (CD) rates an...

    Authors: G. Gitas, L. Proppe, A. K. Ertan, S. Baum, A. Rody, M. Kocaer, K. Dinas, L. Allahqoli, A. S. Laganà, A. Sotiriadis, S. Sommer and I. Alkatout
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:356
  28. Although labor induction is a commonly used procedure in obstetrical care, there are limited data on its psycho-emotional effects on the woman. This study analysed the expectations and experiences of women in ...

    Authors: Moa Strandberg, Tove Wallstrom and Eva Wiberg-Itzel
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:355
  29. Successful scale-up of antiretroviral therapy (ART) during pregnancy has minimized infant HIV acquisition, and over 1 million infants are born HIV-exposed but uninfected (HEU), with an increasing proportion al...

    Authors: Dorothy C. Nyemba, Emma Kalk, Hlengiwe P. Madlala, Thokozile R. Malaba, Amy L. Slogrove, Mary-Ann Davies, Andrew Boulle, Landon Myer and Kathleen M. Powis
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:354
  30. Pelvic girdle pain (PGP) is a multifactorial condition with a partly unknown etiology. This condition can be mentally and physically compromising both during and after pregnancy. To provide all-around preventi...

    Authors: Tang Xiangsheng, Gong Long, Shi Yingying, An Xiao, Yi Ping and Tan Mingsheng
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:353
  31. Iron supplementation is considered an imperative strategy for anemia prevention and control during pregnancy in Pakistan. Although there is some evidence on the predictors of iron deficiency anemia among Pakis...

    Authors: Sumera Aziz Ali, Savera Aziz Ali, Shama Razzaq, Nayab Khowaja, Sarah Gutkind, Fazal Ur Raheman and Nadir Suhail
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:352
  32. Yoga can reduce the risk of preterm delivery, cesarean section (CS), and fetal death. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of Yoga on pregnancy, delivery, and neonatal outcomes.

    Authors: Leili Yekefallah, Peyman Namdar, Leila Dehghankar, Fereshteh Golestaneh, Soghra Taheri and Frahnaz Mohammadkhaniha
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:351
  33. Little is known about benzodiazepine and opioid-benzodiazepine co-dispensing patterns among pregnant women. Understanding these patterns is necessary to mitigate high-risk medication use during pregnancy. Our ...

    Authors: Danya M. Qato and Aakash Bipin Gandhi
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:350
  34. Although there is growing recognition of the importance of person-centered maternity care, the needs and perspectives of pregnant adolescents are rarely considered. The purpose of this study was to compare the...

    Authors: Martha J. Decker, Noelle Pineda, Abigail Gutmann-Gonzalez and Claire D. Brindis
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:349
  35. No previous study directly compares the fixed day-5 initiation versus the flexible initiation of GnRH antagonist administration in IVF/ICSI for those patients who are predicted as high ovarian responders witho...

    Authors: Xiu Luo, Li Pei, Fujie Li, Chunli Li, Guoning Huang and Hong Ye
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:348
  36. Struma ovarii is a special type of ovarian dermoid cyst and accounts for approximately 2–3 % of all dermoid tumours. Benign struma ovarii may manifest as distant metastasis, called peritoneal strumosis, which ...

    Authors: Zheng Li, Jingxue Wang and Qian Chen
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:347
  37. The willingness to try in vitro fertilization (IVF) as an infertility treatment, as well as its psychosocial consequences for couples, may be influenced by how they perceive the attitudes of general public tow...

    Authors: Alicja Malina, Marta Roczniewska and Julie Ann Pooley
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:346
  38. Globally, infant mortality has declined considerably but has remained unacceptably high in sub-Saharan Africa, especially Nigeria where infant mortality rate is 67/1000 live births. To facilitate infant mortal...

    Authors: Mobolaji Modinat Salawu, Rotimi Felix Afolabi, Babatunde Makinde Gbadebo, Adetokunbo Taophic Salawu, Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe and Ayo Stephen Adebowale
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:345
  39. Maternal age < 18 or > 34 years, short inter-pregnancy birth interval, and higher birth order are considered to be high-risk fertility behaviours (HRFB). Underfive mortality being disproportionately concentrat...

    Authors: Rafi Amir-ud-Din, Lubna Naz, Aneela Rubi, Muhammad Usman and Umesh Ghimire
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:344
  40. Different formulae have been developed globally to estimate gestational age (GA) by ultrasonography in the first trimester of pregnancy. In this study, we develop an Indian population-specific dating formula a...

    Authors: Ramya Vijayram, Nikhita Damaraju, Ashley Xavier, Bapu Koundinya Desiraju, Ramachandran Thiruvengadam, Sumit Misra, Shilpa Chopra, Ashok Khurana, Nitya Wadhwa, Raghunathan Rengaswamy, Himanshu Sinha and Shinjini Bhatnagar
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:343
  41. Alcohol consumption during pregnancy is associated with major birth defects and developmental disabilities. Questionnaires concerning alcohol consumption during pregnancy underestimate alcohol use while the us...

    Authors: Leonieke J. Breunis, Sophie Wassenaar, Barbara J. Sibbles, Ab A. Aaldriks, Hilmar H. Bijma, Eric A.P. Steegers and Birgit C.P. Koch
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:342
  42. Previous studies have focused on pregnancy outcomes after frozen embryo transfer (FET) performed using different endometrial preparation protocols. Few studies have evaluated the effect of endometrial preparat...

    Authors: Cheng Li, Yi-Chen He, Jing-Jing Xu, Yu Wang, Han Liu, Chen-Chi Duan, Chao-Yi Shi, Lei Chen, Jie Wang, Jian-Zhong Sheng, He-Feng Huang and Yan-Ting Wu
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:341
  43. The number of international migrants continues to increase worldwide. Depending on their country of origin and migration experience, migrants may be at greater risk of maternal and neonatal morbidity and morta...

    Authors: Frankie Fair, Hora Soltani, Liselotte Raben, Yvonne van Streun, Eirini Sioti, Maria Papadakaki, Catherine Burke, Helen Watson, Mervi Jokinen, Eleanor Shaw, Elena Triantafyllou, Maria van den Muijsenbergh and Victoria Vivilaki
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:340
  44. Mother-to-child HIV transmission (MTCT) has substantially declined since the scale-up of prevention programs around the world, including Rwanda. To achieve full elimination of MTCT, it is important to understa...

    Authors: Eric Remera, Placidie Mugwaneza, Frédérique Chammartin, Augustin Mulindabigwi, Gentille Musengimana, Jamie I. Forrest, Fabian Mwanyumba, Ng’oma Kondwani, Jeanine U. Condo, David J. Riedel, Edward J. Mills, Sabin Nsanzimana and Heiner C. Bucher
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:339
  45. evaluation of technical skills of the operators during the obstetrical device application for operative vaginal delivery, named kiwi-cup in a simulation training program.

    Authors: Paolo Mannella, Mario Giordano, Maria Magdalena Montt Guevara, Andrea Giannini, Eleonora Russo, Federica Pancetti, Marta Caretto and Tommaso Simoncini
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:338
  46. Birthweight has been declining consistently for more than 30 years in Japan. This rapid rise in low birthweight is one of the worst among the countries of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Develop...

    Authors: Noriko Kato, Catherine Sauvaget, Honami Yoshida, Tetsuji Yokoyama and Nobuo Yoshiike
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:337
  47. Psychosocial factors are of increasing interest as potential influencers in disease development. This study explores associations between gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and maternal depression, adverse ch...

    Authors: Margaret Versteegen, Christine T. Bozlak, Heather Larkin and Allison A. Appleton
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:335

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