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  1. The breast milk microbiome could be a source of infant intestinal microbiota. Several studies have found that some breast milk is extremely low in bacteria or is even sterile. There are limited studies on the ...

    Authors: Ting Huang, Zichun Zeng, Xinyuan Liang, Xiaomei Tang, Huijuan Luo, Dongju Wang, Juan Zhou and Xiaomin Xiao
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2022 22:595
    Content type: Research Published on:

  2. Anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) positivity can contribute to inhibit thyroxine synthesis. Gut microbiota can interact with metabolic or immune diseases. However, dynamics of gut microbiota from the se...

    Authors: Min Wu, Cheng Chi, Yuxi Yang, Shan Guo, Tianhe Li, Muqing Gu, Tingting Zhang, Huimin Gao, Ruixia Liu and Chenghong Yin
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2022 22:592
    Content type: Research Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2022 22:622

  3. Establishing a healthy lifestyle post-delivery is pivotal to reduce the incidence of chronic diseases. Due to COVID-19 restrictions, access to postpartum health programs has been increasingly difficult. The ai...

    Authors: Hannah E. Christie, Lauren A. Roach, Meredith Kennedy, Kassia Beetham, Barbara J. Meyer, Danielle Schoenaker and Monique Francois
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2022 22:591
    Content type: Research Published on:

  4. To date, programmed intermittent epidural bolus (PIEB) has been widely used in obstetric analgesia, while no optimal PIEB regimen has been proposed. This study aimed to assess effective analgesia in 90% of wom...

    Authors: Xin Ran, Shuzhi Zhou, Kailan Cao and Peng He
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2022 22:590
    Content type: Research Published on:

  5. With the development of China’s two-child-policy, vaginal birth after cesarean section (VBAC) has aroused public concern. It is important to understand the labour characteristics and intrapartum management of ...

    Authors: Yehui Lan, Shuangjia Pan, Baoyi Chen, Lingli Peng, Ruyang Chen, Ying Hua and Yanyan Ma
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2022 22:589
    Content type: Research Published on:

  6. Maternal lipid levels in early pregnancy are associated with maternal health and foetal growth. It is however unclear if maternal lipids in early pregnancy can be used to predict childhood lipid levels. The ai...

    Authors: Maria C. Adank, Anja K. Johansen, Laura Benschop, Sophia P. Van Streun, Anna M. Smak Gregoor, Linn K. L. Øyri, Monique T. Mulder, Eric A. P. Steegers, Kirsten B. Holven and Jeanine E. Roeters van Lennep
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2022 22:588
    Content type: Research Published on:

  7. This review was conducted to investigate the association between serum vitamin B12 levels as well as folic acid/vitamin B12 during pregnancy and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

    Authors: Jin He, Dongmei Jiang, Xianwei Cui and Chenbo Ji
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2022 22:587
    Content type: Research Published on:

  8. In spite of considerable improvement in maternal and neonatal outcomes over the past decade in India, the current maternal mortality ratio and neonatal mortality rate are far from the Sustainable Development G...

    Authors: Yashpal Jain, Tarun Chaudhary, Chandra Shekhar Joshi, Manish Chotiya, Bijali Sinha, Tapas Sadasivan Nair, Ashish Srivastava, Vinod Kumar SV, Abhinav Agrawal, Vineet Srivastava, Dinesh Baswal, Kamlesh Lalchandani, Hemang Shah, Gulnoza Usmanova, Bulbul Sood, Vikas Yadav…
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2022 22:586
    Content type: Research Published on:

  9. Accurate gestational age (GA) determination allows correct management of high-risk, complicated or post-date pregnancies and prevention or anticipation of prematurity related complications. Ultrasound measurem...

    Authors: Andrea Pietravalle, Silvia Spolverato, Luca Brasili, Francesco Cavallin, Valentina Gabrielli, Gaetano Azzimonti, Donald Micah Maziku, Dionis Erasto Leluko, Daniele Trevisanuto and Giovanni Putoto
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2022 22:585
    Content type: Research Published on:

  10. Person-centered care is a pivotal component of strategies to improve the utilization of maternity care during childbirth. However, there is limited information on the level of person-centered care during child...

    Authors: Sewunnet Azezew Getahun, Abebaw Abeje Muluneh, Wudit Wassu Seneshaw, Sewnet Getaye Workie and Zemenu Yohannes Kassa
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2022 22:584
    Content type: Research Published on:

  11. Despite a large number of studies on the selection of trigger drugs, it remains unclear whether the dual trigger with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist, compa...

    Authors: Li Dong, Fang Lian, Haicui Wu, Shan Xiang, Yuan Li, Chaofeng Wei, Xiaona Yu and Xin Xin
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2022 22:583
    Content type: Research Published on:

  12. The lives of babies and mothers are at risk due to the uneven distribution of healthcare facilities required for emergency cesarean sections (CS). However, CS without medical indications might cause complicat...

    Authors: Alireza Mohammadi, Elahe Pishgar, Zahra Salari and Behzad Kiani
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2022 22:582
    Content type: Research Published on:

  13. More than five million individuals died because of problems connected to COVID-19. SARS-Cov-2 poses a particular challenge to expectant mothers, who comprise one of the most vulnerable segments of the populati...

    Authors: Abdulrahman Ibrahim Hagrass, Hossam Waleed Almadhoon, Mohammed Al-kafarna, Bashar Khaled Almaghary, Anas Zakarya Nourelden, Ahmed Hashem Fathallah, Mohammed Tarek Hasan, Yasmine Adel Mohammed, Aya Osama Al-Nabahin, Dalia Sami Wafi, Islam Osama Ismail, Yaser Aref Hamam, Reem Sayad, Mohamed Hamouda, Mohamed Sayed Zaazouee and Khaled Mohamed Ragab
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2022 22:581
    Content type: Research Published on:

  14. Studies have demonstrated the associations between pre-pregnancy obesity, thyroid dysfunction, dyslipidemia, and increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in pregnant women. This study was designed...

    Authors: Ying Wang, Sha Lu, Xianrong Xu, Lijun Zhang, Jun Yang and Wensheng Hu
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2022 22:580
    Content type: Research Published on:

  15. Hypospadias is one of the most common male congenital malformations worldwide. It is characterised by the abnormal positioning of the opening of urethra, and may lead to problems with urination and sexual func...

    Authors: Yi Wang, Lin Wang, Zeyong Yang, Fang Chen, Zhiwei Liu and Zheng Tang
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2022 22:579
    Content type: Research Published on:

  16. The optimal mode of delivery in cases of fetal congenital heart disease (CHD) is not established. The few relevant studies did not address operative vaginal delivery. The aim of this study was to assess the im...

    Authors: Keren Zloto, Alyssa Hochberg, Kinneret Tenenbaum-Gavish, Alexandra Berezowsky, Shiri Barbash-Hazan, Ron Bardin, Eran Hadar and Anat Shmueli
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2022 22:578
    Content type: Research Published on:

  17. Unhealthy prenatal lifestyle behaviours are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, but little is known about what motivates women to comply with preconceptional lifestyle recommendations or consciously pl...

    Authors: Veronique Y. F. Maas, Marjolein Poels, Marleen H. de Kievit, Anniek P. Hartog, Arie Franx and Maria P. H. Koster
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2022 22:577
    Content type: Research Published on:

  18. “ Postpartum quality of life” refers to women’s satisfaction of their position in life, based on cultural status, expectations, values, attitudes, goals, and living standards. Hence the need to pay attention t...

    Authors: Tahereh Mokhtaryan-Gilani, Nourossadat Kariman, Hamid Sharif Nia, Mahbobeh Ahmadi Doulabi and Malihe Nasiri
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2022 22:576
    Content type: Research Published on:

  19. This study aimed to explore the incidence and influencing factors for early pregnancy loss (EPL) in infertility patients with first pregnancy undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) embryo transfer cycles in J...

    Authors: Mohan Wang, Xiao Yang, Linlin Li, Haibo Zhu, Hongguo Zhang, Yuting Jiang and Ruizhi Liu
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2022 22:575
    Content type: Research Published on:

  20. The perinatal period is a time of increased vulnerability to mental health problems, however, only a small proportion of women seek help. Poor mental health literacy (MHL) is a major barrier to seeking help fo...

    Authors: Daria Daehn, Sophie Rudolf, Silke Pawils and Babette Renneberg
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2022 22:574
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. We aimed to assess the correlation between ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) in the early course of in vitro fertilization (IVF) pregnancies and obstetric outcomes.

    Authors: Hadas Ganer Herman, Yossi Mizrachi, Eran Horowitz, Ariel Weissman, Ben Sabban, Ohad Gluck, Arieh Raziel and Michal Kovo
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2022 22:573
    Content type: Research Published on:

  22. Rates of perinatal mental health difficulties (experienced during pregnancy and the 12-months postpartum) increased worldwide during the COVID-19 pandemic. In the UK, anxiety and depression were estimated to a...

    Authors: Katie Jones, Virginia Harrison, Michelle L. Moulds and Lisa Lazard
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2022 22:572
    Content type: Research Published on:

  23. Perinatal depression (PD) affects 10–20% of childbearing women. Telehealth is increasingly utilized for mental health services to increase access to care and overcome COVID-19 pandemic barriers. Women’s perspe...

    Authors: Uma D. Parameswaran, Ryoko Pentecost, Marcia Williams, Marcela Smid and Gwen Latendresse
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2022 22:571
    Content type: Research Published on:

  24. The third stage of labor begins with the baby’s birth and ends with the expulsion of the placenta and embryonic membranes. The prolongation of the third stage of labor, placental retention, subsequent issues s...

    Authors: Nazi Karimi, Ghazaleh Molaee, Najimeh Tarkesh Esfahani and Ali Montazeri
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2022 22:570
    Content type: Research Published on:

  25. Understanding pregnant women and mothers’ perceptions towards antibiotic use and resistance is essential for appropriate antibiotic use and limiting antibiotic resistance. This study aimed to explore perceptio...

    Authors: Vanphanom Sychareun, Paphatsone Phounsavath, Amphoy Sihavong, Sengchanh Kounnavong, Kongmany Chaleunvong, Anna Machowska, Bounxou Keohavong, Mayfong Mayxay, Jaran Eriksen, Claudia Hanson, Manivanh Vongsouvath, Annelie Brauner, Jo Durham and Cecilia Stålsby Lundborg
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2022 22:569
    Content type: Research Published on:

  26. Extra energy intake is commonly recommended for pregnant women to support fetal growth. However, relevant data regarding variations in energy intake and expenditure, body mass index and gestational weight gain...

    Authors: Marina Minami, Naw Awn J-P, Shuhei Noguchi, Masamitsu Eitoku, Sifa Marie Joelle Muchanga, Naomi Mitsuda, Kaori Komori, Kahoko Yasumitsu-Lovell, Nagamasa Maeda, Mikiya Fujieda and Narufumi Suganuma
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2022 22:568
    Content type: Research Published on:

  27. Worldwide, nifedipine and atosiban are the two most commonly used tocolytic agents for the treatment of threatened preterm birth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of nifedipine and atosi...

    Authors: Tijn M. S. van Winden, Tobias A. J. Nijman, C. Emily Kleinrouweler, Raed Salim, Maryam Kashanian, Wafa R. Al-Omari, Eva Pajkrt, Ben W. Mol, Martijn A. Oudijk and Carolien Roos
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2022 22:567
    Content type: Research Published on:

  28. Many women in sub-Saharan Africa initiate antenatal care (ANC) late in pregnancy, undermining optimal prevention of mother-to-child-transmission (PMTCT) of HIV. Questions remain about whether and how late init...

    Authors: Yussif Alhassan, Adelline Twimukye, Thokozile Malaba, Landon Myer, Catriona Waitt, Mohammed Lamorde, Angela Colbers, Helen Reynolds, Saye Khoo and Miriam Taegtmeyer
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2022 22:566
    Content type: Research Published on:

  29. Obstetric violence is a specific form of violence against women that violates their human rights. Conducted by obstetric care providers regarding the body and reproductive processes of the woman, being charact...

    Authors: Wondwosen Molla, Aregahegn Wudneh and Ruth Tilahun
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2022 22:565
    Content type: Research Published on:

  30. Monochorionic dizygotic twins are a rare condition, mostly related to assisted reproductive technology. This type of twinning is burdened by the same risk of pregnancy complications found in monochorionic mono...

    Authors: Giulia Trombetta, Dora Fabbro, Eliana Demori, Lorenza Driul, Giuseppe Damante and Serena Xodo
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2022 22:564
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  31. There is a lack of validated tools to assess adherence to gestational diabetes (GDM) management plan among women with GDM. This study aimed to translate the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activity (SDSCA) into ...

    Authors: I. Al Hashmi, H. Al-Noumani, F. Alaloul, S. Murthi and A. Khalaf
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2022 22:563
    Content type: Research Published on:

  32. Fat, carbohydrates (mainly lactose) and protein in breast milk all provide indispensable benefits for the growth of newborns. The only source of nutrition in early infancy is breast milk, so the energy of brea...

    Authors: Huijuan Ruan, Qingya Tang, Yajie Zhang, Xuelin Zhao, Yi Xiang, Yi Feng and Wei Cai
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2022 22:562
    Content type: Research Published on:

  33. Maternal and child health (MCH) in Singapore is entering a new phase, with challenges different to those faced 50 years ago. The advancement of medical technologies and access to MCH resources have led to a dr...

    Authors: Fabian Yap, See Ling Loy, Chee Wai Ku, Mei Chien Chua, Keith M. Godfrey and Jerry Kok Yen Chan
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2022 22:561
    Content type: Research Published on:

  34. Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is an obstetric emergency instigated by excessive blood loss which occurs frequently after the delivery. The PPH can result in volume depletion, hypovolemic shock, and anemia. This ...

    Authors: Sujatha Krishnamoorthy, Yihang Liu and Kun Liu
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2022 22:560
    Content type: Research Published on:

  35. Women with a vulnerable health status, as determined by a low socioeconomic status and poor lifestyle behaviours, are at risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes. Offering tailored preconception lifestyle care can ...

    Authors: Sharissa M. Smith, Rianne M. J. J. van der Kleij, Babette Bais, Maartje H. N. Schermer, Hafez Ismaili M’hamdi and Régine P. M. Steegers-Theunissen
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2022 22:559
    Content type: Research Published on:

  36. Concerns about SARS-CoV-2 infection risk in health care settings have resulted in changes in prenatal care and birth plans, such as shifts to in-person visits and increased Cesarean delivery. These changes may...

    Authors: Daniel J. Erchick, Smisha Agarwal, Alexander Kaysin, Dustin G. Gibson and Alain B. Labrique
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2022 22:558
    Content type: Research Published on:

  37. Currently, studies showed that eosinophil count had clinical significance in the diagnosis and prognosis of diseases. But, the clinical significance of eosinophil count in pregnancy specifically in preeclampsi...

    Authors: Yemataw Gelaw, Fikir Asrie, Muluken Walle and Zegeye Getaneh
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2022 22:557
    Content type: Research Published on:

  38. COVID-19 has catalysed digital innovations enabling remote healthcare. Pregnant women are at increased risk for severe course of COVID-19 infection. Also, the pandemic has a negative emotional impact on pregna...

    Authors: Shinta L. Moes, Martine Depmann, Titia A. Lely and Mireille N. Bekker
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2022 22:556
    Content type: Research Published on:

  39. Congenital syphilis (CS) has reemerged as a global maternal and child health crisis. Kern County, California and East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana are among the highest CS morbidity regions in the United Stat...

    Authors: Jennifer A. Wagman, Eunhee Park, Gloria P. Giarratano, Pierre M. Buekens and Emily W. Harville
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2022 22:555
    Content type: Research Published on:

  40. Decreasing the anaesthesia preparation time for primiparas experiencing painful uterine contractions is clinically relevant. This prospective intervention study investigated the effect of various educational m...

    Authors: Chen Yang, Yan Cheng, Jianying Hu, Yaojun Lu, Xinhua Yu and Shaoqiang Huang
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2022 22:554
    Content type: Research Published on:

  41. Maternal and neonatal health significantly improves when birth is attended at health institutions where there are quality services and skilled attendants. In contrary, home birth results in high rates of mater...

    Authors: Temesgen Worku Gudayu
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2022 22:553
    Content type: Research Published on:

  42. Maternal mortality in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region decreased significantly between 1990 and 2017. This was uneven, however, with some countries faring much better than others.

    Authors: Sathyanarayanan Doraiswamy, Sohaila Cheema, Patrick Maisonneuve, Anupama Jithesh and Ravinder Mamtani
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2022 22:552
    Content type: Research Published on:

  43. Health care providers have an important role to share evidence based information and empower patients to make informed choices. Previous studies indicate that shared decision making in pregnancy and childbirth...

    Authors: Elke Deherder, Ilse Delbaere, Adriana Macedo, Marianne J. Nieuwenhuijze, Sven Van Laere and Katrien Beeckman
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2022 22:551
    Content type: Research Published on:

  44. During the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic, routine antenatal care was disrupted, and pregnant women positive for COVID-19 were at increased risk of caesarean section, intensive care admission or neonatal unit ...

    Authors: Charles Bircher, Matt Wilkes, Nicole Zahradka, Emily Wells and Ed Prosser-Snelling
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2022 22:550
    Content type: Research Published on:

  45. Infertility has been associated with the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. It is not clear whether infertility and underlying causes of infertility or the use of medically assisted reproduction (MAR) therapi...

    Authors: Diana C. Soria-Contreras, Wei Perng, Sheryl L. Rifas-Shiman, Marie-France Hivert, Emily Oken and Jorge E. Chavarro
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2022 22:549
    Content type: Research Published on:

  46. Parenting sense of competence significantly affects the quality of parenting behaviours and healthy infant development. However, primiparous women without parenting experience may lack confidence and feel stre...

    Authors: Yi Zhu, Xuan Zhou, Xiaoxu Yin, Lei Qiu, Na Sun, Rongrong An and Yanhong Gong
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2022 22:548
    Content type: Research Published on:

  47. Fear of childbirth is an anxiety associated with childbirth, which manifests itself in physical and concentration problems. It is often associated with requesting a cesarean section, and it is prevalent in nul...

    Authors: Safieh Kananikandeh, Farkhondeh Amin Shokravi, Mojgan Mirghafourvand and Shayesteh Jahanfar
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2022 22:547
    Content type: Research Published on:

  48. The early birth and hospitalization of a preterm infant in neonatal intensive care unit can produce several emotional and behavioural responses including sleep problems for parents. Few studies have explored s...

    Authors: Gunhild Nordbø Marthinsen, Sølvi Helseth, Milada Småstuen, Bjørn Bjorvatn, Signe Marie Bandlien and Liv Fegran
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2022 22:546
    Content type: Research Published on:

  49. Screening for gestational diabetes mellitus in Tanzania is challenged by limited resources. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a simple method for identification of women at risk of gestational diabetes me...

    Authors: Safiness Simon Msollo, Haikael David Martin, Akwilina Wendelin Mwanri and Pammla Petrucka
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2022 22:545
    Content type: Research Published on:

  50. Complications during pregnancy and childbirth are the leading cause of death among adolescent girls. In Ghana, the prevalence of adolescent pregnancy remains high. Yet, little is known about ANC utilization am...

    Authors: Emmanuel Anongeba Anaba, Stanley Kofi Alor and Caroline Dinam Badzi
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2022 22:544
    Content type: Research Published on:
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