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  1. Two meta-analyses have shown that pregnancy and birth rates are significantly higher after blastocyst transfer than after cleaved embryo transfer. Other studies have revealed that a serum progesterone level > ...

    Authors: P. Merviel, S. Bouée, A. S. Jacamon, J. J. Chabaud, M. T. Le Martelot, S. Roche, C. Rince, H. Drapier, A. Perrin and D. Beauvillard
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:363
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. Infant mortality remains a serious global public health problem. The global infant mortality rate has decreased significantly over time, but the rate of decline in most African countries, including Ethiopia, i...

    Authors: Getayeneh Antehunegn Tesema, Wullo Sisay Seretew, Misganaw Gebrie Worku and Dessie Abebaw Angaw
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:362
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. In assisted reproduction technology embryo competence is routinely evaluated on morphological criteria but efficacy remains relatively low. Additional information could be obtained by evaluating pronuclear (PN...

    Authors: Sara Stigliani, Claudia Massarotti, Francesca Bovis, Ida Casciano, Fausta Sozzi, Valentino Remorgida, Angelo Cagnacci, Paola Anserini and Paola Scaruffi
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:361
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. Currently, there are no studies on changes in the incidence of uterine rupture or maternal and foetal outcomes in women with uterine rupture during different birth policy periods in China. Moreover, the result...

    Authors: Yangwen Zhou, Yi Mu, Peiran Chen, Yanxia Xie, Jun Zhu and Juan Liang
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:360
    Content type: Research Published on:

  5. Diagnosis of preterm labour is difficult because initial symptoms and signs are often mild and may occur in continuing pregnancies. This study aims to investigate the utility of measuring cervical length, usin...

    Authors: Tiffany Tuck Chin Wong, Xiaoqi Yong, Janice Su Zhen Tung, Beatrice Jia Ying Lee, Joanne Mei Xin Chan, Ruochen Du, Tai Wai Yeo and George Seow Heong Yeo
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:359
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. Physiological adaptation in pregnancy is characterized by remodeling of endocrine, cardiovascular and renal functions leading to fluid retention, volume expansion, altered cardiac loading conditions and hyperd...

    Authors: Rima D. Yarlagadda, Jonas Johnson, Åse Vårtun, Kari Flo and Ganesh Acharya
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:358
    Content type: Research Published on:

  7. There are no accurate estimates of the prevalence of non-severe maternal morbidities. Given the lack of instruments to fully assess these morbidities, the World Health Organization (WHO) developed an instrumen...

    Authors: M. N. Lamus, S. Pabon, C. MPoca, J. P. Guida, M. A. Parpinelli, J. G. Cecatti, M. F. Vidarte and M. L. Costa
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:357
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) introduced a new standard of care in 2014, extending the duration of the second stage of labor in order to reduce caesarean delivery (CD) rates an...

    Authors: G. Gitas, L. Proppe, A. K. Ertan, S. Baum, A. Rody, M. Kocaer, K. Dinas, L. Allahqoli, A. S. Laganà, A. Sotiriadis, S. Sommer and I. Alkatout
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:356
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. Although labor induction is a commonly used procedure in obstetrical care, there are limited data on its psycho-emotional effects on the woman. This study analysed the expectations and experiences of women in ...

    Authors: Moa Strandberg, Tove Wallstrom and Eva Wiberg-Itzel
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:355
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Successful scale-up of antiretroviral therapy (ART) during pregnancy has minimized infant HIV acquisition, and over 1 million infants are born HIV-exposed but uninfected (HEU), with an increasing proportion al...

    Authors: Dorothy C. Nyemba, Emma Kalk, Hlengiwe P. Madlala, Thokozile R. Malaba, Amy L. Slogrove, Mary-Ann Davies, Andrew Boulle, Landon Myer and Kathleen M. Powis
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:354
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. Pelvic girdle pain (PGP) is a multifactorial condition with a partly unknown etiology. This condition can be mentally and physically compromising both during and after pregnancy. To provide all-around preventi...

    Authors: Tang Xiangsheng, Gong Long, Shi Yingying, An Xiao, Yi Ping and Tan Mingsheng
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:353
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Iron supplementation is considered an imperative strategy for anemia prevention and control during pregnancy in Pakistan. Although there is some evidence on the predictors of iron deficiency anemia among Pakis...

    Authors: Sumera Aziz Ali, Savera Aziz Ali, Shama Razzaq, Nayab Khowaja, Sarah Gutkind, Fazal Ur Raheman and Nadir Suhail
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:352
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Yoga can reduce the risk of preterm delivery, cesarean section (CS), and fetal death. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of Yoga on pregnancy, delivery, and neonatal outcomes.

    Authors: Leili Yekefallah, Peyman Namdar, Leila Dehghankar, Fereshteh Golestaneh, Soghra Taheri and Frahnaz Mohammadkhaniha
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:351
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Little is known about benzodiazepine and opioid-benzodiazepine co-dispensing patterns among pregnant women. Understanding these patterns is necessary to mitigate high-risk medication use during pregnancy. Our ...

    Authors: Danya M. Qato and Aakash Bipin Gandhi
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:350
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. Although there is growing recognition of the importance of person-centered maternity care, the needs and perspectives of pregnant adolescents are rarely considered. The purpose of this study was to compare the...

    Authors: Martha J. Decker, Noelle Pineda, Abigail Gutmann-Gonzalez and Claire D. Brindis
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:349
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. No previous study directly compares the fixed day-5 initiation versus the flexible initiation of GnRH antagonist administration in IVF/ICSI for those patients who are predicted as high ovarian responders witho...

    Authors: Xiu Luo, Li Pei, Fujie Li, Chunli Li, Guoning Huang and Hong Ye
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:348
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Struma ovarii is a special type of ovarian dermoid cyst and accounts for approximately 2–3 % of all dermoid tumours. Benign struma ovarii may manifest as distant metastasis, called peritoneal strumosis, which ...

    Authors: Zheng Li, Jingxue Wang and Qian Chen
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:347
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  18. The willingness to try in vitro fertilization (IVF) as an infertility treatment, as well as its psychosocial consequences for couples, may be influenced by how they perceive the attitudes of general public tow...

    Authors: Alicja Malina, Marta Roczniewska and Julie Ann Pooley
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:346
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. Globally, infant mortality has declined considerably but has remained unacceptably high in sub-Saharan Africa, especially Nigeria where infant mortality rate is 67/1000 live births. To facilitate infant mortal...

    Authors: Mobolaji Modinat Salawu, Rotimi Felix Afolabi, Babatunde Makinde Gbadebo, Adetokunbo Taophic Salawu, Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe and Ayo Stephen Adebowale
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:345
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. Maternal age < 18 or > 34 years, short inter-pregnancy birth interval, and higher birth order are considered to be high-risk fertility behaviours (HRFB). Underfive mortality being disproportionately concentrat...

    Authors: Rafi Amir-ud-Din, Lubna Naz, Aneela Rubi, Muhammad Usman and Umesh Ghimire
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:344
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Different formulae have been developed globally to estimate gestational age (GA) by ultrasonography in the first trimester of pregnancy. In this study, we develop an Indian population-specific dating formula a...

    Authors: Ramya Vijayram, Nikhita Damaraju, Ashley Xavier, Bapu Koundinya Desiraju, Ramachandran Thiruvengadam, Sumit Misra, Shilpa Chopra, Ashok Khurana, Nitya Wadhwa, Raghunathan Rengaswamy, Himanshu Sinha and Shinjini Bhatnagar
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:343
    Content type: Research Published on:

  22. Alcohol consumption during pregnancy is associated with major birth defects and developmental disabilities. Questionnaires concerning alcohol consumption during pregnancy underestimate alcohol use while the us...

    Authors: Leonieke J. Breunis, Sophie Wassenaar, Barbara J. Sibbles, Ab A. Aaldriks, Hilmar H. Bijma, Eric A.P. Steegers and Birgit C.P. Koch
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:342
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Previous studies have focused on pregnancy outcomes after frozen embryo transfer (FET) performed using different endometrial preparation protocols. Few studies have evaluated the effect of endometrial preparat...

    Authors: Cheng Li, Yi-Chen He, Jing-Jing Xu, Yu Wang, Han Liu, Chen-Chi Duan, Chao-Yi Shi, Lei Chen, Jie Wang, Jian-Zhong Sheng, He-Feng Huang and Yan-Ting Wu
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:341
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. The number of international migrants continues to increase worldwide. Depending on their country of origin and migration experience, migrants may be at greater risk of maternal and neonatal morbidity and morta...

    Authors: Frankie Fair, Hora Soltani, Liselotte Raben, Yvonne van Streun, Eirini Sioti, Maria Papadakaki, Catherine Burke, Helen Watson, Mervi Jokinen, Eleanor Shaw, Elena Triantafyllou, Maria van den Muijsenbergh and Victoria Vivilaki
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:340
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. Mother-to-child HIV transmission (MTCT) has substantially declined since the scale-up of prevention programs around the world, including Rwanda. To achieve full elimination of MTCT, it is important to understa...

    Authors: Eric Remera, Placidie Mugwaneza, Frédérique Chammartin, Augustin Mulindabigwi, Gentille Musengimana, Jamie I. Forrest, Fabian Mwanyumba, Ng’oma Kondwani, Jeanine U. Condo, David J. Riedel, Edward J. Mills, Sabin Nsanzimana and Heiner C. Bucher
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:339
    Content type: Research Published on:

  26. evaluation of technical skills of the operators during the obstetrical device application for operative vaginal delivery, named kiwi-cup in a simulation training program.

    Authors: Paolo Mannella, Mario Giordano, Maria Magdalena Montt Guevara, Andrea Giannini, Eleonora Russo, Federica Pancetti, Marta Caretto and Tommaso Simoncini
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:338
    Content type: Research Published on:

  27. Birthweight has been declining consistently for more than 30 years in Japan. This rapid rise in low birthweight is one of the worst among the countries of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Develop...

    Authors: Noriko Kato, Catherine Sauvaget, Honami Yoshida, Tetsuji Yokoyama and Nobuo Yoshiike
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:337
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. Psychosocial factors are of increasing interest as potential influencers in disease development. This study explores associations between gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and maternal depression, adverse ch...

    Authors: Margaret Versteegen, Christine T. Bozlak, Heather Larkin and Allison A. Appleton
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:335
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Some women avoid sexual intercourse during pregnancy due to the physiological changes they undergo during this period as well as their fear of causing harm to the fetus and to themselves, which can lead to pro...

    Authors: Shiva Alizadeh, Hedyeh Riazi, Hamid Alavi Majd and Giti Ozgoli
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:334
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Healthcare costs have substantially increased in recent years, threatening the population health. Obstetric care is a significant contributor to this scenario since it represents 20% of healthcare. The rate of...

    Authors: Romulo Negrini, Raquel Domingues da Silva Ferreira and Daniela Zaros Guimarães
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:333
    Content type: Research Published on:

  32. Although maternal deaths are rare in developed regions, the morbidity associated with severe postpartum hemorrhage (SPPH) remains a major problem. To determine the prevalence and risk factors of SPPH, we analy...

    Authors: Chen-ning Liu, Fu-bing Yu, Yun-zhe Xu, Jin-sheng Li, Zhi-hong Guan, Man-na Sun, Chen-an Liu, Fang He and Dun-jin Chen
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:332
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. Hypovitaminosis D in pregnancy is associated with adverse health outcomes in mothers, newborns and infants. This study assessed the levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in normotensive pregnancies and in pr...

    Authors: Linda Ahenkorah Fondjo, Worlanyo Tashie, William K. B. A. Owiredu, Enoch Appiah Adu-Gyamfi and Laila Seidu
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:331
    Content type: Research Published on:

  34. Screening for antenatal depression and its determinants is highly recommended. However, there is no consensus on a standard conceptual framework to approach pregnant women in a primary health care setting. The...

    Authors: Sarah Naja, Noora Al Kubaisi, Rajvir Singh, Hiba Abdalla and Iheb Bougmiza
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:330
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. Health facility deliveries are generally associated with improved maternal and child health outcomes. However, in Uganda, little is known about factors that influence use of health facilities for delivery espe...

    Authors: Richard K. Mugambe, Habib Yakubu, Solomon T. Wafula, Tonny Ssekamatte, Simon Kasasa, John Bosco Isunju, Abdullah Ali Halage, Jimmy Osuret, Constance Bwire, John C. Ssempebwa, Yuke Wang, Joanne A. McGriff and Christine L. Moe
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:329
    Content type: Research Published on:

  36. Ninety-four percent of all maternal deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries, and the majority are preventable. Access to quality Obstetric ultrasound can identify some complications leading to materna...

    Authors: Marika Toscano, Thomas J. Marini, Kathryn Drennan, Timothy M. Baran, Jonah Kan, Brian Garra, Ann M. Dozier, Rafael L. Ortega, Rosemary A. Quinn, Yu T. Zhao, Miguel S. Egoavil, Lorena Tamayo, Claudia Carlotto and Benjamin Castaneda
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:328
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Sexual function, a significant contributor to quality of life, is affected by various factors, including overall mental health. COVID-19 is a current pandemic that influences the mental health of various popul...

    Authors: Fatemeh Effati-Daryani, Shayesteh Jahanfar, Azam Mohammadi, Somayeh Zarei and Mojgan Mirghafourvand
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:327
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. Knowledge about SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy and newborns is scarce. The objective of this study is to analyse clinical and epidemiological characteristics of a cohort of women infected with SARS-CoV-2 du...

    Authors: Itzíar Carrasco, Mar Muñoz-Chapuli, Sara Vigil-Vázquez, David Aguilera-Alonso, Concepción Hernández, César Sánchez-Sánchez, Cristina Oliver, Mónica Riaza, Marta Pareja, Olga Sanz, Beatriz Pérez-Seoane, Juan López, Elena Márquez, Sara Domínguez-Rodríguez, Alicia Hernanz-Lobo, Juan Antonio De León-Luis…
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:326
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. To establish reference ranges of fetal facial profile markers and study their correlations with crown-rump length (CRL) during the first trimester (11 ~ 13+ 6 weeks’ gestation) in a Chinese population.

    Authors: Chunya Ji, Xiaoli Jiang, Linliang Yin, Xuedong Deng, Zhong Yang, Qi Pan, Jun Zhang and Qing Liang
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:324
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. Emergency Obstetric Hysterectomy (EOH) is removal of the uterus due to life threatening conditions within the puerperium. This life saving intervention is associated with life threatening complications. In our...

    Authors: Mbakwa Rickeins Mbakwa, Nicholas Tendongfor, Yannick Lechedem Ngunyi, Ekongefeyin Sintieh Nchinda Ngek, Frank Alemkia and Thomas Obinchemti Egbe
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:323
    Content type: Research Published on:

  42. Health professionals caring for women and infants experiencing difficulty with breastfeeding have reported deficiencies in evidence-based lactation knowledge. LactaMap is an online lactation care support syste...

    Authors: Melinda Boss, Jennifer Turner, Patrick Boss, Peter Hartmann, Douglas Pritchard and Rhonda Clifford
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:322
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. A uterine manipulator cannot be used to elevate the ovary in benign ovarian surgery during pregnancy. This report describes our method of elevation of the ovary using a metreurynter with the success rate of th...

    Authors: Yasushi Kotani, Kosuke Murakami, Kiko Yamamoto, Risa Fujishima, Tamaki Yahata, Yoshie Yo, Masao Shimaoka and Noriomi Matsumura
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:321
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is the leading cause of maternal mortality in low-income countries, and is the most common direct cause of maternal deaths in Madagascar. Studies in Madagascar and other low-income ...

    Authors: Sara V. Flanagan, Tina Razafinamanana, Charlotte Warren and Jana Smith
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:320
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

    Authors: Seyedeh Fatemeh Ghaffari, Hamid Sharif Nia, Forouzan Elyasi, Zohreh Shahhosseini and Zohre Mohammadpoorsaravimozafar
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:319
    Content type: Correction Published on:

    The original article was published in BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:222

  46. The new Chinese fertility policy has recently received widespread public attention. However, there are few studies available on the comprehensive epidemiology of maternal and infant health with respect to the ...

    Authors: Xiaohui Zhang, Haifeng Lou, Xuejuan Tang and Xiaoli Chen
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:318
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. Obstetric haemorrhage is the leading cause of maternal death worldwide, 99% of which occur in low and middle income countries. The majority of deaths and adverse events are associated with delays in identifyin...

    Authors: Lucie Giblin, Nicola Vousden, Hannah Nathan, Francis Gidiri, Shivaprasad Goudar, Umesh Charantimath, Jane Sandall, Paul T. Seed, Lucy C. Chappell and Andrew H. Shennan
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:317
    Content type: Research Published on:

  48. Fear of childbirth (FOC) may contribute to postpartum depression, impaired maternal-infant relation, and preference for cesarean in future pregnancies. We aimed to investigate predictors of FOC and normal vagi...

    Authors: Forough Mortazavi and Maryam Mehrabadi
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:316
    Content type: Research Published on:

  49. The aim of this study was to explore and measure the social and economic consequences of the costs of obstetric and neonatal care in Lubumbashi, the Democratic Republic of Congo.

    Authors: Musau Nkola Angèle, Ntambue Mukengeshayi Abel, Omewatu Mungomba Jacques, Mundongo Tshamba Henri and Malonga Kaj Françoise
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:315
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. In Manitoba, Canada, low-income pregnant women are eligible for the Healthy Baby Prenatal Benefit, an unconditional income supplement of up to CAD $81/month, during their latter two trimesters. Our objective w...

    Authors: Jennifer E. Enns, Nathan C. Nickel, Mariette Chartier, Dan Chateau, Rhonda Campbell, Wanda Phillips-Beck, Joykrishna Sarkar, Elaine Burland, Alan Katz, Rob Santos and Marni Brownell
    Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2021 21:312
    Content type: Research Published on:
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BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth

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