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Table 5 Impacts of inappropriate GWG in tertiary hospitals in Bangkok and Metropolitan area, Thailand, 2019

From: Prevalence and related factors of inappropriate gestational weight gain among pregnant women with overweight/ obesity in Thailand

 

Type of GWG overall

IGWG vs AGWG, n = 258

EGWG vs AGWG, n = 596

AGWG, n = 169

IGWG, n = 89

EGWG, n = 427

OR (95%CI)

p-value

OR (95%CI)

p-value

Primary C/S a

 Yes

33 (19.50)

21(23.60)

122(28.60)

NA

NA

1.65(1.07–2.55)

0.024*

 No

136 (80.50)

68 (76.40)

305(71.40)

    

PIH b

 Yes

7(19.40)

5(13.90)

24(66.70)

NA

NA

1.28(0.5–3.26)

0.465

 No

162(25.00)

84(12.90)

403(62.10)

    

SGA

 Yes

137(27.70)

73(14.70)

285(57.60)

1.07 (0.55–2.07)

0.851

NA

NA

 No

32(16.90)

16(8.50)

141(74.60)

    

LGA

 Yes

28(19.90)

10(7.10)

103(73.00)

0.64(0.29–1.38)

0.253

1.60(1.01–2.54)

0.046*

 No

141(25.90)

79(14.50)

324(59.60)

    

Macrosomia c

 Yes

2(5.90)

2(5.90)

30(88.20)

NA

NA

5.84(1.38–24.80)

0.017*

 No

167(25.70)

87(13.40)

397(61.00)

    
  1. aadjusted for NMs’ knowledge, NMs’ attitude, GWG counseling by ANC providers, parity, and maternal’ GWG knowledge
  2. badjusted for nurse-patient ratio, social support, and healthy food consumption
  3. cadjusted for pre-pregnancy BMI
  4. Reference category: Adequate GWG, * statistically significant at 0.05