Table 4 Predicting factors of GWG of tertiary hospitals in Bangkok and Metropolitan area, Thailand, 2019

Maternal Factors

 Overweight

0.49–1.47

0.48–1.56

0.46–0.99^a

0.49–1.12

 Sufficiency income

0.25–0.79^a

0.27–0.92^a

0.47–1.17

0.50–1.29

 Living with partner

0.40–1.85

0.40 -1.98

0.87–2.78

0.93- 3.20

 Multiparous

0.56–1.86

0.55–1.91

0.90–2.03

0.93–2.21

 Easy access to low-fat food

0.12–0.66^a

0.13–0.77^a

0.15–0.62^a

0.14–0.60^a

 Received GWG advice

0.35–1.01

0.35–1.13

0.72–1.48

0.90–1.98

 Adequate GWG Knowledge

0.99–2.97

1.02–3.23^a

0.61–1.27

0.60–1.30

A low perceived barrier to GWG control

0.75–2.10

0.69–2.08

1.05–2.15^a

0.98–2.11

Internal WLOC

0.44–1.35

0.44–1.43

0.42–0.91^a

0.37–0.86^a

Appropriate Healthy food consumption

0.50–1.39

0.51–1.56

0.54–1.10

0.61–1.33

The ANC service system factors

 Using Dietary and PA guidelines

0.46–1.31

0.92–32.13

0.47–0.97^a

0.27–3.47

 Nurse-patient ratio < 1: 20

0.36–1.17

0.90–10.32

0.52–1.26

0.54–3.32

GWG counseling by ANC providers

0.51–3.29

0.00–0.53^a

0.99–3.64

0.04–3.66

Excellent general ANC service quality

0.15–4.73

0.00–0.39^a

0.08–0.66^a

0.00–1.41

Good general ANC service quality

0.24–7.74

0.00–0.63^a

0.10–0.85^a

0.01–1.30

Good specific ANC service quality

0.38–1.06

0.08–1.04

0.61–1.25

0.25–1.69

Positive attitude to control the weight by the provider

0.24–0.83

0.06–0.61^a

0.48–1.27

0.23–1.33

Routine GWG counseling practice

0.84–2.41

0.14–13.59

0.99–2.03

0.16–4.35