Table 2 Sub-analysis of studies on antenatal depression conducted in Africa (N = 27, random effect)
From: Epidemiology of antenatal depression in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Variable for sub-analysis | Number of studies | Sample size (N) | Pooled prevalence (95%CI) random effect model |
|---|---|---|---|
The income of the countries | |||
 Low-income | 12 | 7115 | 26.54(22.23, 30.85) |
 Middle-income | 15 | 7775 | 26.13 (19.60, 32.64) |
Time of depression measurement | |||
 1st trimester | 1 | 2086 | 9.90 (8.60, 11.20) |
 2nd trimester | 5 | 3803 | 32.20 (26.13, 38.28) |
 3rd trimester | 8 | 4312 | 25.39 (20.15, 30.65) |
 All trimester | 13 | 4689 | 25.71 (19.30, 32.11) |
Study setting | |||
 Community-based | 8 | 7891 | 25.11 (16.52, 33.69) |
 Health institution based | 19 | 6999 | 26.77 (22.54, 30.99) |
Study design | |||
 Longitudinal | 7 | 5353 | 28.49 (18.47, 38.52) |
 Cross sectional | 20 | 9537 | 25.50 (21.16, 29.84) |
Sample size | |||
  < =384 | 8 | 1626 | 23.59 (15.49, 31.69) |
  > 384 | 19 | 14,757 | 27.43 (22.54, 32.31) |
Year of Publication | |||
 2007–2009 | 2 | 375 | 9.46 (6.46, 12.46) |
 2010–2012 | 4 | 2118 | 39.44 (37.37, 41.50) |
 2013–2015 | 11 | 7525 | 22.75 (17.32, 28.18) |
 2016–2018 | 10 | 6740 | 27.92 (22.41, 33.43) |
Type of screening tool used | |||
 EPDS | 11 | 6898 | 28.89 (22.79, 34.98) |
 PHQ-9 | 5 | 4578 | 28.54 (27.23, 29.84) |
 Diagnostic tools (DSM-IV,CIS-R) | 3 | 665 | 25.22 (8.33, 42.11) |
 Other (CES-D, SRQ, HSC, BDI) | 8 | 4617 | 21.96 (14.30, 29.62) |