Elevated diastolic blood pressure until mid-gestation is associated with preeclampsia and small-for-gestational-age birth: a population-based register study

Table 5 The risk of preterm preeclampsia and preterm births of small-for-gestational-age infants (SGA) by changes in diastolic blood pressure from early to mid-gestation

^cBP changes until mid-gestation	Preterm preeclampsia (< 37 weeks)
^cBP changes until mid-gestation	n	%	Crude OR (95% CI)^d	Adjusted^e OR (95% CI)
Diastolic BP^c
Lowered^a	46,466	0.6	1.0	1.0
Elevated^b	18,009	0.9	1.6 (1.3–1.9)	2.2 (1.8–2.8)
	Preterm SGA (< 37 weeks)
	n	%	Crude OR (95% CI)^d	Adjusted^e OR (95% CI)
Diastolic BP^c
Lowered^a	46,410	0.5	1.0	1.0
Elevated^b	17,980	0.8	1.7 (1.4–2.1)	2.3 (1.8–3.0)

^cBP: Blood pressure. The changes in systolic and diastolic BP were categorized in the following groups; a) lowered BP, defined as no change or decrease by 1 mmHg or more and b) elevated BP, defined as an increase by 1 mmHg or more between early to mid-gestation. SGA defined as birth weight of more than two standard deviations below the mean weight for gestational age. ^dOR (95% CI): Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. ^eAdjusted for mean arterial blood pressure in early gestation, maternal body mass index, smoking, age, recurrent miscarriages before the index pregnancy and country of birth

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