Serum calcium and magnesium levels in women presenting with pre-eclampsia and pregnancy-induced hypertension: a case–control study in the Cape Coast metropolis, Ghana

Table 1 Demographic, clinical and obstetric related characteristics of the study population

Variables	Control	αp -value	PIH	β p -value	PE	γ p -value
	(n = 160)		(n = 120)		(n = 100)
Age (years)	30.70 ± 4.24	0.0809	30.03 ± 6.74	0.2817	32.28 ± 8.58	0.0560
SBP (mmHg)	112.50 ± 8.40	< 0.0001	155.17 ± 10.21	0.2935	152.60 ± 7.09	< 0.0001
DBP (mmHg)	65.25 ± 6.40	< 0.0001	101.63 ± 7.84	0.5133	102.24 ± 6.81	< 0.0001
BMI (kgm ⁺² )	28.25 ± 5.67	0.4827	29.70 ± 11.43	0.9381	29.04 ± 7.61	0.4484
Gestational age (weeks)	31.92 ± 4.69	0.6320	31.40 ± 4.27	0.4993	30.72 ± 2.84	0.2518
*Gravidity n (%)*
Primigravida	80 (50.0)	0.9626	56 (46.7)	0.8949	56 (56.0)	0.7885
Secundigravida	36 (22.5)	0.2865	48 (40.0)	0.0675	12 (12.0)	0.5693
Multigravida	44 (27.5)	0.1133	16 (13.3)	0.2484	32 (32.0)	0.9364
*Parity n (%)*
Nulliparous	88 (55.0)	0.9904	68 (56.7)	0.9693	60 (60.0)	0.9246
Primiparous	40 (25.0)	0.9451	36 (30.0)	0.4769	16 (16.0)	0.6286
Multiparous	32 (20.0)	0.4346	16 (13.3)	0.5936	24 (24.0)	0.9748
*Contraceptive use n (%)*
Yes	68 (42.5)	0.3922	32 (26.7)	0.9103	32 (32.0)	0.6989
*History of Abortion n (%)*
Yes	40 (25.0)	0.2793	12 (10.0)	0.9723	12 (12.0)	0.4437
*New paternity n (%)*
Yes	40 (25.0)	0.7022	20 (16.7)	0.2610	36 (36.0)	0.6377

Values are in mean ± SD and frequency (proportion) where appropriate. Comparison between proportions was done using Fischer's exact test. One-way ANOVA coupled with Dunnett multiple comparisons was used to compare multiple groups. α P-value (comparison between control & PIH); βp-value (comparison between PIH & PE); γp-value (comparison between controls & PE). PIH: Pregnancy-induced hypertension; PE: Pre-eclampsia, SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure. Data in boldface indicate statistical significance.