Table 2 Characteristics of 15 meta-analyses included in the umbrella review
From: The maternal factors associated with infant low birth weight: an umbrella review
Risk factors | Reference (year) | No. of total population | No. of studies in meta-analyze | Study design | measure | Summary relative risk estimate (95% CI) | Credibility of evidence | AMSTAR2 quality |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
crack cocaine | Dos Santo, (2018) | 5453 | 7 | Case-control/cohort | OR | 2.82 (2.26, 3.52) | Class I | Critically low |
Infertility | Carmen ( 2013) | 106,040 | 6 | Case-control/cohort | OR | 1.34 (1.20, 1.48) | Class I | Critically low |
smoking | Pereira, (2017) | 3,259,833 | 30 | Case-control/cohort | OR | 2.00 (1.76, 2.28) | Class II | Critically low |
antenatal Care | Garedew. (2023) | 6763 | 4 | Observational follow-up/ Cross-sectional | OR | 0.47 (0.37, 0.62) | Class II | Critically low |
Periodontal disease | Zhan, (2022) | 10,588 | 14 | Case-control/cohort | OR | 2.41 (1.67, 3.47) | Class III | Critically low |
Depression | Ghimire, (2021) | 35,000 | 12 | Case-control/cohort/ cross-sectional | OR | 1.84 (1.34, 2.53) | Class III | Critically low |
anemia | Rahman, (2016) | 237,072 | 17 | Cohort | RR | 1.32 (1.13, 1.55) | Class III | Critically low |
caffeine/coffee | Feng Jin (2021) | 95,612 | 11 | Cohort | RR | 1.34 (1.14, 1.57) | Class III | Critically low |
heavy physical workload | Cai, (2020) | 160,492 | 5 | observational studies | OR | 1.87 (1.00, 3.47) | Class IV | Critically low |
underweight | Liu, (2019) | 313,569 | 15 | Cohort/cross sectional | OR | 1.79 (1.20, 2.67) | Class IV | Critically low |
lifting ≥ 11 kg | Cai, (2020) | 18,158 | 5 | observational studies | OR | 1.59 (1.02, 2.48) | Class IV | Critically low |
alcohol | Pereira, (2019) | 497,023 | 38 | Case-control/cohort | OR | 1.23 (1.04, 1.46) | Class IV | Critically low |
hypothyroidism | Jiatong (2016) | 23,879 | 5 | Cohort | RR | 1.40 (1.01, 1.94) | Class IV | Critically low |
Hypertension | Getaneh (2020) | 1166 | 14 | Case-control/cohort/ cross-sectional | OR | 3.90 (2.73, 5.58) | Class IV | Critically low |
overweight/obesity | Liu, (2019) | 313,569 | 15 | Cohort/cross sectional | OR | 1.17 (1.00, 1.36) | NS | Critically low |