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Table 5 Adjusted Odds Ratio from logistic regression

From: Utilizing maternal healthcare services: are female-headed households faring poorly?

Variables

(Model 1)

(Model 2)

(Model 3)

(Model 4)

Sex of the household head

    

Male (Ref)

    

Female

0.90**

0.91**

0.79**

0.81*

Age

1.03***

1.04***

1.01***

1.01***

Educational attainment

    

No education (Ref)

    

Primary

1.19***

1.1

1.01

0.97

Secondary

1.71***

1.52***

1.17***

1.13**

Higher

2.19***

1.9***

1.32***

1.25***

Parity

0.76***

0.77***

0.84***

0.85***

Working status

    

Not working (Ref)

    

Working

1.04

1.05

1.01

1.01

Health insurance coverage

    

No (Ref)

    

Yes

1.25***

1.25***

1.14***

1.12***

Exposure to mass media

    

No exposure (Ref)

    

Exposed

1.27***

1.25***

1.04

1.04

Woman’s Participation Index

    

No participation (Ref)

    

Participates

1.21***

1.21***

1.26***

1.25***

Possession of bank account

    

No (Ref)

    

Yes

1.24***

1.22***

1.22***

1.18***

Sex of the last child

    

Male (Ref)

    

Female

1.06*

1.05*

1.06**

1.07**

Partner’s educational attainment

    

No education (Ref)

    

Primary

 

1.22***

1.09

1.07

Secondary

 

1.36***

1.14**

1.10

Higher

 

1.38***

1.20**

1.16*

Partner’s age

 

1.02***

1.01**

1.01**

Religion

    

No religion (Ref)

    

Hindu

  

1.04

1.00

Muslim

  

1.05

1.00

Christian

  

0.87

0.85

Sikh

  

1.29

1.23

Others

  

0.77

0.73

Residence

    

Urban (Ref)

    

Rural

  

0.99

0.97

Wealth quintile

    

Poorest (Ref)

    

Poorer

  

1.21***

1.16***

Middle

  

1.35***

1.25***

Richer

  

1.65***

1.51***

Richest

  

1.74***

1.55***

Sex of household head * wealth quintile

    

Female* Poorest (Ref)

    

Female * Poorer

  

1.14

1.10

Female * Middle

  

1.30*

1.25

Female * Richer

  

1.17

1.09

Female * Richest

  

1.46**

1.39**

Relationship to the household head

    

Head herself (Ref)

    

Wife

   

1.03

Daughter

   

1.04

Daughter-in-law

   

1.12

Others

   

1.23

Type of health facility

    

Any other health facility (Ref)

    

Public

   

0.91**

Private

   

1.10**

Constant

0.74***

0.06***

0.11***

0.14***

State dummies

  

Included

Included

No. of observations

26,944

26,944

26,944

26,944

  1. ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1
  2. Source Authors’ calculation