Table 1 Log-transformed joinpoint trends of U5MR in China and its provinces, 1990–2017

China

1990–1999

−3.6*

1999–2012

−6.6*

2012–2015

−2.3*

2015–2017

−7.2*

12

−5.2*(−5.3~−5.1)

Beijing

1990–1998

−2.1

1998–2012

−4.7

2012–2015

0.8

2015–2017

−8.2*

5

−3.6*(−4.0~−3.2)

Tianjin

1990–1998

−1.4*

1998–2017

−3.4*

8

−2.8*(−3.0~−2.6)

Hebei

1990–2001

−1.3*

2001–2017

−4.3*

13

−3.1*(−3.2~−3.0)

Shanxi

1990–1998

−1.9*

1998–2011

−5.1*

2011–2017

−3.6*

12

−3.8*(−3.9~−3.7)

Inner Mongolia

1990–1998

−3.0*

1998–2011

−5.3*

2011–2014

−2.5*

2014–2017

−6.4*

13

−4.4*(−4.5~−4.3)

Liaoning

1990–2003

−1.4*

2003–2012

−5.8*

2012–2017

−3.1

7

−3.2*(−3.5~−3.0)

Jilin

1990–2017

−3.8*

9

−3.8*(−3.9~−3.7)

Heilongjiang

1990–1999

−3.3*

1999–2005

−1.6

2005–2017

−3.9*

12

−3.2*(−3.3~−3.1)

Shanghai

1990–2006

−3.6*

2006–2009

0.1

2009–2017

−3.3*

7

−3.1*(−3.4~−2.8)

Jiangsu

1990–2000

−4.2*

2000–2012

−7.3*

2012–2015

−0.9

2015–2017

−6.7*

7

−5.4*(−5.6~−5.2)

Zhejiang

1990–1998

−2.8*

1998–2017

−6.1*

7

−5.1*(−5.3~−4.9)

Anhui

1990–1999

−4.4*

1999–2017

−5.6*

12

−5.2*(−5.3~−5.1)

Fujian

1990–1998

−2.9*

1998–2017

−5.8*

7

−5.0*(−5.1~−4.8)

Jiangxi

1990–1998

−4.4*

1998–2010

−6.6*

2010–2017

−5.0*

16

−5.5*(−5.6~−5.5)

Shandong

1990–1999

−2.0*

1999–2004

−4.4*

2004–2009

−7.1*

2009–2017

10

−4.1*(−4.2~−3.9)

Henan

1990–1993

−2.1

1993–1999

−5.1*

1999–2010

−7.1*

2010–2017

−3.9*

13

−5.3*(−5.4~−5.1)

Hubei

1990–2012

−5.2*

2012–2017

−3.6*

12

−4.9*(−5.1~−4.7)

Hunan

1990–1999

−4.4*

1999–2010

−8.1*

2010–2017

−4.8*

9

−6.0*(−6.2~−5.9)

Guangdong

1990–1999

−2.3*

1999–2011

−6.4*

2011–2017

−4.0*

7

−4.5*(−4.7~−4.3)

Guangxi

1990–1998

−2.2*

1998–2004

−5.9*

2004–2012

−7.7*

2012–2015

−2.1*

2015–2017

−7.2*

12

−5.0*(−5.2~−4.9)

Hainan

1990–2004

−2.7*

2004–2011

−5.6*

2011–2017

−4.2*

16

−3.8*(−3.9~−3.6)

Chongqing

1990–2000

−4.3*

2000–2010

−6.9*

2010–2015

−4.4*

2015–2017

−6.8*

13

−5.5*(−5.6~−5.4)

Sichuan

1990–2001

−4.8*

2001–2017

−6.2*

15

−5.7*(−5.9~−5.4)

Guizhou

1990–1996

−4.6*

1996–2000

−5.9*

2000–2012

−8.5*

2012–2017

−5.7*

18

−6.7*(−6.8~−6.6)

Yunnan

1990–1998

−4.8*

1998–2008

−7.6*

2008–2017

−5.7*

17

−6.1*(−6.2~−6.0)

Tibet

1990–1998

−3.3*

1998–2011

−5.2*

2011–2015

−3.0*

2015–2017

−6.2*

36

−4.4*(−4.5~−4.3)

Shaanxi

1990–2000

−3.0*

2000–2005

−4.5*

2005–2012

−7.5*

2012–2017

−4.2*

15

−4.7*(−4.8~−4.6)

Gansu

1990–1998

−2.9*

1998–2008

−5.6*

2008–2011

−6.8*

2011–2015

−4.7*

2015–2017

−8.5*

20

−5.0*(−5.1~−5.0)

Qinghai

1990–1998

−4.3*

1998–2012

−6.1*

2012–2015

−3.3*

2015–2017

−8.2*

21

−5.4*(−5.5~−5.3)

Ningxia

1990–2000

−4.5*

2000–2005

−6.2*

2005–2013

−6.9*

2013–2017

−5.6*

16

−5.7*(−5.7~−5.6)

Xinjiang

1990–1998

−3.8*

1998–2017

−4.5*

28

−4.3*(−4.4~−4.2)

Hong Kong

1990–2015

−4.8

2015–2017

−21.9*

1

−6.2*(−7.4~−4.4)

Macau

1990–2017

−5.6*

2

−5.6*(−6.1~−5.2)

Taiwan

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