Fig. 3

Differences in microbial composition at the genus level. A Genus distribution of the three groups presented by mean relative abundance (bar plot analysis). B–E Comparison of the relative abundance of the top 15 microbiota among the three groups at the genus level. Groups: C, nonpregnant women of reproductive age; N, normal pregnant women; G, gestational diabetes patients. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001