Table 3 The pooled odds ratio of associated factors of a study/ systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence of DDP and its determinants in Ethiopia, 2023

History of abortion

Bisetegn et al. Tamiru et al.

2.57 (95% CI: 1-6.61)

2.12 (95% CI: 1.392–3.25).

2.03 (95% CI: 1.27–3.24)

Intimate partner violence

Dibaba et al.

3.41 (95% CI: 1.18–9.1)

2.71 (95% CI: 2.07–3.55)

Tamiru et al.

2.67 (95% CI: 2.02–3.53)

Low income

Tilahun B. et al.

3.66 (95% CI: 1.12–11.96)

2.13 (95% CI: 1.54–2.91)

Tarafa et al.

2.01 (95% CI: 1.29–3.14)

Abebe et al.

2.1 (95% CI: 1.31–3.36)

Low social support

Edao T. et al.

3.34 (95% CI: 1.5–7.43)

2.06 (95% CI: 1.44–2.94)

Biratu & Haile

1.89 (95% CI: 1.06 3.36)

Tarafa et al.

1.79 (95% CI: 1.14–3.37)

Unplanned pregnancy

Dibaba et al.

1.96 (95% CI: 1.04–3.69)

2.47 (95% CI: 1.92–3.19)

Biratu & Haile

2.78 (95% CI: 1.59–4.85)

Bisetegn et al.

2.39 (95% CI: 1.2–4.76)

Tarafa et al.

2.77 (95% CI: 1.71–4.54)

Beketie et al.

2.71 (95% CI: 1.21–6.07)

Shitu Ayen et al.

2.11 (95% CI: 1.05–4.44)

Previous history of depression

Edao T. et al.

6.02 (95% CI: 2.31–10.01)

3.49 (95% CI: 2.40–5.08)

Biratu & Haile

2.57 (95% CI: 1.48–4.48)

Bisetegn et al.

3.48 (95% CI: 1.71–7.06)