Table 3 Odds ratios for risk factors for HFpEF^a from univariate and multivariate stepwise logistic regression analyses

Age

1.07 (1.04, 1.10)

 < 0.001

1.04 (1.02, 1.07)

0.003

Nulliparity

1.46 (1.13, 1.88)

0.004

Multiple pregnancies

2.64 (1.85, 3.78)

 < 0.001

2.22 (1.53, 3.23)

 < 0.001

BMI^a ≥ 25 kg/m² before pregnancy

2.24 (1.69, 2.97)

 < 0.001

BMI ≥ 28 kg/m² at delivery

1.98 (1.55, 2.54)

 < 0.001

Smoking

1.06 (0.74, 1.51)

0.770

Drinking

0.99 (0.68, 1.44)

0.947

In vitro fertilization

1.64 (1.01, 2.65)

0.045

PAH^a in previous pregnancy

4.38 (2.76, 6.95)

 < 0.001

Chronic hypertension

2.85 (1.89, 4.29)

 < 0.001

History of pulmonary or arterial embolism

5.85 (2.37, 14.43)

 < 0.001

Chronic kidney disease

10.14 (4.38, 23.45)

 < 0.001

Rheumatic disease^b

2.64 (1.63, 4.28)

 < 0.001

2.56 (1.54, 4.26)

 < 0.001

PIH^a

6.40 (3.85, 10.67)

 < 0.001

6.02 (3.61, 10.05)

 < 0.001

Preeclampsia

25.96 (19.63, 34.33)

 < 0.001

24.66 (18.61, 32.66)

 < 0.001

Eclampsia or Superimposed preeclampsia

33.51 (22.17, 50.63)

 < 0.001

32.74 (21.60, 49.64)

 < 0.001

GDM^a

1.05 (0.67, 1.64)

0.846

Type 1 and Type 2 DM^a

1.74 (0.97, 3.12)

0.063

Transfusion in previous pregnancy

4.26 (2.17, 8.37)

 < 0.001

3.89 (1.89, 8.01)

 < 0.001