Table 5 Validation of Known Groups

Parity

 Primiparous n = 289

3.29 (0.58)

2.91 (0.58)

3.76 (0.38)

3.66 (0.56)

3.31 (0.40)

 Multiparous n = 211

3.31 (0.61)

3.02 (0.52)

3.69 (0.46)

3.52 (0.77)

3.32 (0.43)

 p-value^b

0.526

0.059

0.122

0.295

0.578

 Effect size^c

0.033

0.198

0.168

0.213

0.024

Type of labour onset

 Spontaneous n = 248

3.33 (0.57)

3.04(0.50)

3.75 (0.42)

3.63 (0.64)

3.37 (0.39)

 Induced n = 252

3.26 (0.61)

2.87 (0.60)

3.72 (0.41)

3.57 (0.69)

3.27 (0.43)

 p-value^b

0.271

0.003*

0.239

0.280

0.010*

 Effect size^c

0.118

0.307

0.072

0.090

0.243

Use of oxytocin

 No n = 215

3.35 (0.56)

3.05 (0.51)

3.73 (0.43)

3.61 (0.68)

3.37 (0.40)

 Yes n = 285

3.26 (0.60)

2.88 (0.58)

3.73 (0.40)

3.60 (0.66)

3.28 (0.42)

 p-value^b

0.108

0.003*

0.986

0.497

0.023*

 Effect size^c

0.154

0.308

0.000

0.014

0.218

Time in the delivery room

 Less than 12 h n = 378

3.32 (0.58)

3.03 (0.53)

3.73 (0.43)

3.62 (0.66)

3.35 (0.42)

 More than or equal to 12 h n = 122

3.24 (0.60)

2.72 (0.58)

3.73 (0.37)

3.56 (0.67)

3.21 (0.39)

 p-value^b

0.138

 < 0.001*

0.664

0.199

 < 0.001*

 Effect size^c

0.136

0.571

0.000

0.090

0.339

Existence of perineal trauma

 No n = 140

3.28 (0.60)

2.88 (0.62)

3.68 (0.44)

3.52 (0.67)

3.26 (0.44)

 Yes n = 360

3.30 (0.59)

2.98 (0.53)

3.75 (0.40)

3.63 (0.66)

3.34 (0.40)

 p-value²

0.694

0.119

0.181

0.031*

0.038*

 Effect size³

0.033

0.179

0.170

0.165

0.194

Use of epidural analgesia

 No n = 125

3.35 (0.53)

3.03 (0.48)

3.70 (0.47)

3.49 (0.79)

3.33 (0.40)

 Yes n = 375

3.28 (0.61)

2.93 (0.58)

3.74 (0.40)

3.64 (0.62)

3.31 (0.42)

 p-value^b

0.434

0.138

0.383

0.300

0.671

 Effect size^c

0.118

0.179

0.095

0.225

0.048