Fig. 2

Genome-wide association study (GWAS) for association with NVP. (a–e) Manhattan plot of GWAS with the NVP variable as (a) binary 1 (“no” vs. “nausea only”, “vomited but could eat,” and “vomited and could not eat”), (b) binary 2 (“no” and “nausea only” vs. “vomited but could eat” and “vomited and could not eat”), (c) binary 3 (“no”, “nausea only” and “vomited but could eat” vs. “vomited and could not eat”), (d) binary 4 (“no” vs. “vomited and could not eat”), and (e) continuous (regarding four categories as consecutive severity grading) at the discovery stage. (f–j) Manhattan plot of GWAS with the NVP variable as (f) binary 1, (g) binary 2, (h) binary 3, (i) binary 4, and (j) continuous at the replication stage. Red and blue lines indicate regions that reached genome-wide significance (p = 5.0 × 10^− 8) and suggestive (p = 1.0 × 10^− 5) levels. GWAS, genome-wide association studies; NVP, nausea and vomiting of pregnancy