Childbirth experiences of women with a history of physical, sexual, and child abuse: a cross-sectional study of 2,575 Russian women

Table 3 Associations of the number of lifetime traumatic types experienced and childbirth outcomes

Outcome	OR/B	95% CI	p-value
Mode of birth	1.16	1.01; 1.33	0.039
Medical complications during this pregnancy/childbirth (mother)	1.28	1.14;1.44	< 0.001
Medical complications during this pregnancy/childbirth (baby)	1.19	1.03;1.38	0.016
Preterm birth	0.98	0.71;1.34	0.89
Number of medical procedures during labour	0.017	-0.043;0.077	0.58
Number of instances of obstetric violence experienced during labour	0.12	0.07;0.17	< 0.001

Note OR stands for the Odd Ratio coefficient from the binary logistic or ordinal logistic regression models exploring the mode of birth, medical complications during pregnancy/childbirth, and preterm birth as outcomes. B stands for unstandardized regression coefficient from the multiple linear regression models exploring the number of medical procedures and instances of obstetric violence experienced during labour as outcomes. 95% CI stands for 95% Confidence Interval. All models are adjusted for maternal age at the time of childbirth, level of education, marital status, and perceived socioeconomic status as well as gestational age at birth, parity, and number of months from the childbirth to the date of filling in the survey. In the analysis exploring the association with preterm birth, gestational age was excluded from the list of covariates

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