| (A) Baseline Model (Unadjusted associations) | (B) Full Model (Adjusted associations) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean Estimate | 95% CI | P-value | Mean Estimate | 95% CI | P-value | |
Intercept | 9.23 | (7.24, 11.21) |  < 0.001 | 9.69 | (7.61, 11.77) |  < 0.001 |
Age (years) | ||||||
 < 20 years old | Reference |  |  |  |  |  |
 20–29 years old | 0.11 | (-0.19, 0.41) | 0.472 | 0.11 | (-0.19, 0.41) | 0.484 |
 30–39 years old | 0.06 | (-0.31, 0.42) | 0.761 | 0.07 | (-0.30, 0.43) | 0.723 |
 > 40 years old | -0.15 | (-0.64, 0.34) | 0.553 | -0.16 | (-0.65, 0.32) | 0.513 |
Education Level | ||||||
 No education | Reference |  |  |  |  |  |
 Some primary | -0.02 | (-0.29, 0.24) | 0.864 | -0.05 | (-0.31, 0.22) | 0.737 |
 Completed primary | 0.38 | (0.06, 0.70) | 0.020 | 0.34 | (0.02, 0.66) | 0.038 |
 Some secondary | -0.14 | (-0.46, 0.18) | 0.391 | -0.21 | (-0.53, 0.10) | 0.184 |
 Completed secondary | -0.02 | (-0.84, 0.81) | 0.967 | -0.11 | (-0.93, 0.71) | 0.792 |
All children currently living (yes) | 0.00 | (-0.32, 0.32) | 0.999 | 0.029 | (-0.29, 0.34) | 0.859 |
Electricity at home (yes) | -0.10 | (-0.34, 0.15) | 0.439 | -0.11 | (-0.34, 0.13) | 0.391 |
Drinking Water Source | ||||||
 Surface water | Reference |  |  |  |  |  |
 Tap pump outside | 0.03 | (-0.98, 1.04) | 0.953 | 0.06 | (-0.95, 1.06) | 0.913 |
 Well | 0.34 | (-0.67, 1.35) | 0.509 | 0.33 | (-0.67, 1.34) | 0.515 |
 Tap pump home | -0.19 | (-1.13, 0.91) | 0.835 | -0.07 | (-1.08, 0.94) | 0.891 |
 Well home | 0.13 | (-1.24, 1.49) | 0.855 | 0.06 | (-1.28, 1.40) | 0.931 |
 Other | 0.48 | (-1.41, 2.36) | 0.622 | 0.49 | (-1.39, 2.36) | 0.612 |
Roof Material | ||||||
 Scrap corrugated iron | Reference |  |  |  |  |  |
 Corrugated iron sheets | -0.15 | (-0.42, 0.11) | 0.256 | -0.11 | (-0.37, 0.15) | 0.412 |
 Thatched | -0.01 | (-0.32, 0.30) | 0.951 | 0.02 | (-0.29, 0.33) | 0.899 |
 Tiles / shingles | -0.48 | (-1.84, 0.89) | 0.492 | -0.44 | (-1.78, 0.89) | 0.515 |
 Other | -0.92 | (-1.94, 0.11) | 0.080 | -0.90 | (-1.91, 0.12) | 0.085 |
Floor Material | ||||||
 Dirt | Reference |  |  |  |  |  |
 Plastic mat | -1.42 | (-2.35, -0.48) | 0.003 | -1.45 | (-2.37, -0.53) | 0.002 |
 Concrete | 0.07 | (-0.21, 0.34) | 0.633 | 0.034 | (-0.24, 0.31) | 0.808 |
 Tiles | 0.10 | (-0.91, 1.10) | 0.853 | 0.005 | (-1.0, 1.01) | 0.992 |
 Other | 1.12 | (-0.80, 3.03) | 0.254 | 1.11 | (-0.80, 3.02) | 0.254 |
District | ||||||
 Kaskazini B | Reference |  |  |  |  |  |
 Kaskazini A | -2.90 | (-4.67, -1.13) | 0.001 | -2.82 | (-4.60, -1.03) | 0.002 |
 Kati | -1.59 | (-3.58, 0.40) | 0.117 | -1.70 | (-3.70, 0.30) | 0.096 |
 Maghribi | -1.28 | (-3.20, 0.63) | 0.189 | -1.38 | (-3.31, 0.55) | 0.161 |
 Kusini | -2.83 | (-4.81, -0.85) | 0.005 | -2.88 | (-4.88, -0.88) | 0.005 |
 Mkoani | -2.99 | (-4.79, -1.20) | 0.001 | -3.15 | (-4.95, -1.35) |  < 0.001 |
 Wete | -2.89 | (-4.92, -0.85) | 0.005 | -2.84 | (-4.89, -0.79) | 0.007 |
 Micheweni | -3.53 | (-5.44, -1.62) |  < 0.001 | -3.33 | (-5.26, -1.40) |  < 0.001 |
 Chake Chake | -1.90 | (-3.75, -0.05) | 0.045 | -1.84 | (-3.72, 0.04) | 0.054 |
HIV Status | ||||||
 Negative | Reference |  |  |  |  |  |
 Positive | 0.11 | (-0.72, 0.94) | 0.791 | 0.143 | (-0.68, 0.97) | 0.733 |
 Unknown or Unreported | 1.81 | (1.03, 2.59) |  < 0.001 | 1.51 | (0.75, 2.27) |  < 0.001 |
Parity (births) | ||||||
 0 | Reference |  |  |  |  |  |
 1–2 | 0.03 | (-0.20, 0.26) | 0.822 | 0.15 | (-0.09, 0.39) | 0.215 |
 3–4 | 0.06 | (-0.22, 0.34) | 0.662 | 0.20 | (-0.08, 0.49) | 0.165 |
 5–7 | -0.04 | (-0.35, 0.28) | 0.818 | 0.11 | (-0.21, 0.44) | 0.504 |
 8 +  | 0.20 | (-0.24, 0.64) | 0.381 | 0.36 | (-0.09, 0.80) | 0.114 |
Previous abortion (yes) | -0.13 | (-0.34, 0.08) | 0.237 | -0.12 | (-0.33, 0.08) | 0.242 |
Previous stillbirth (yes) | -0.36 | (-0.80, 0.08) | 0.105 | -0.40 | (-0.83, 0.04) | 0.074 |
Current pregnancy conditions present (yes) | 0.11 | (-0.40, 0.63) | 0.666 | 0.12 | (-0.40, 0.64) | 0.659 |
Delivery Facility Type | ||||||
 Referral hospital |  |  |  | Reference |  |  |
 Home/In community delivery |  |  |  | -0.90 | (-1.52, -0.28) | 0.005 |
 Cottage hospital |  |  |  | -0.85 | (-1.49, -0.22) | 0.009 |
 PHCU +  |  |  |  | -1.28 | (-1.92, -0.64) |  < 0.001 |
 District hospital |  |  |  | -0.43 | (-1.12, 0.27) | 0.233 |
 Delivery Facility Type: Other |  |  |  | -1.05 | (-2.56, 0.45) | 0.171 |
Cost From Home to Health Facility (Proxy for Distance) | ||||||
 < 5,000 TSH |  |  |  | Reference |  |  |
 5,000—9,999 TSH |  |  |  | 0.12 | (-0.23, 0.47) | 0.491 |
 10,000—14,999 TSH |  |  |  | 0.07 | (-0.34, 0.48) | 0.748 |
 15,000- 19,999 TSH |  |  |  | 0.14 | (-0.21, 0.48) | 0.438 |
 > 20,000 TSH |  |  |  | 0.40 | (0.028, 0.77) | 0.035 |
Receipt of at least one postpartum phone consultation (yes) |  |  |  | 0.83 | (0.43 1.23) |  < 0.001 |