Table 2 Associations of maternal BMI-defined metabolome and BMI-related PMRSs with maternal pregnancy complications, birth outcomes and child neurodevelopment

Maternal pregnancy compications

 GDM, yes vs. no

2.52

1.92, 3.31

 < 0.0001

1.61

1.28, 2.03

 < 0.0001

1.63

1.29, 2.06

 < 0.0001

1.66

1.31, 2.09

 < 0.0001

1.66

1.31, 2.09

 < 0.0001

 Hypertensive pregnancy disorders

  Normotension

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

  Gestational hypertension, yes vs. no

1.46

1.00, 2.12

0.05

1.89

0.91, 3.92

0.09

1.83

0.88, 3.81

0.11

1.88

0.90, 3.91

0.09

2.01

0.97, 4.14

0.06

  Preeclampsia, yes vs. no

2.24

1.56, 3.24

 < 0.0001

2.04

1.18, 3.52

0.01

2.08

1.20, 3.61

0.009

1.94

1.13, 3.34

0.02

1.92

1.12, 3.29

0.02

  Chronic hypertension, yes vs. no

2.26

1.66, 3.07

 < 0.0001

1.49

0.60, 3.73

0.39

1.47

0.59, 3.68

0.41

1.46

0.59, 3.63

0.42

1.65

0.66, 4.09

0.28

 Gestational weight gain

  Normal

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

  Inadequate, yes vs. no

1.72

1.15, 2.58

0.008

0.90

0.70, 1.16

0.41

0.92

0.72, 1.18

0.53

0.93

0.72, 1.19

0.54

0.93

0.73, 1.19

0.57

  Exessive, yes vs. no

1.63

1.14, 2.35

0.008

1.05

0.84, 1.30

0.68

1.05

0.85, 1.31

0.63

1.02

0.82, 1.27

0.83

1.04

0.84, 1.29

0.74

Birth outcomes

 Caesarian section vs. vaginal delivery

1.28

1.00, 1.64

0.05

1.28

1.02, 1.61

0.03

1.29

1.02, 1.62

0.03

1.31

1.04, 1.65

0.02

1.33

1.06, 1.67

0.02

 Gestational age, weeks

-0.30

-0.50, -0.09

0.005

-0.15

-0.30, 0.00

0.06

-0.15

-0.30, 0.00

0.05

-0.14

-0.29, 0.01

0.06

-0.14

-0.29, 0.01

0.07

 Preterm birth, yes vs. no

1.54

1.06, 2.23

0.02

1.15

0.74, 1.78

0.54

1.13

0.73, 1.75

0.60

1.08

0.70, 1.68

0.73

1.15

0.74, 1.78

0.53

 NICU treatment, yes vs. no

1.63

1.25, 2.14

0.0003

1.42

1.05, 1.92

0.02

1.39

1.03, 1.88

0.03

1.37

1.01, 1.85

0.04

1.41

1.05, 1.91

0.02

 Birth weight, grams

91.84

46.59, 137.08

 < 0.0001

34.48

-2.40, 71.35

0.07

33.47

-3.43, 70.37

0.08

27.67

-9.41, 64.75

0.14

19.08

-18.00, 56.13

0.31

Child neurodevelopment

 Number of areas of child neurodevelopmental delay^b

1.48

1.18, 1.87

0.0008

1.00

0.79, 1.25

0.97

0.99

0.70, 1.25

0.95

1.00

0.79, 1.25

0.97

0.98

0.78, 1.24

0.88

 Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, raw units

  Receptive language development

-0.03

-0.30, 0.24

0.81

-0.04

-0.30, 0.23

0.78

-0.06

-0.32, 0.21

0.67

-0.05

-0.31, 0.22

0.73

  Expressive language development

0.05

-0.31, 0.41

0.77

0.02

-0.34, 0.38

0.93

0.06

-0.30, 0.42

0.75

0.07

-0.29, 0.43

0.72

  Fine motor development

0.20

-0.14, 0.54

0.25

0.19

-0.14, 0.53

0.26

0.18

-0.15, 0.52

0.29

0.21

-0.13, 0.55

0.23

  Gross motor development

-0.09

-0.38, 0.20

0.54

-0.11

-0.40, 0.17

0.43

-0.14

-0.43, 0.16

0.36

-0.13

-0.43, 0.17

0.38

  Cognitive development

-0.30

-0.58, -0.01

0.04

-0.30

-0.58, -0.01

0.04

-0.30

-0.59, -0.01

0.04

-0.24

-0.53, 0.05

0.10