From: Changes in the shape and function of the fetal heart of pre- and gestational diabetes mothers
Variable | DM (N = 11) | GDM (N = 48) | Control (N = 25) | P |
---|---|---|---|---|
LV ED Area (cm2) | 1.07(1.03–1.79) | 1.82(1.51–2.01)# | 1.56(1.07–2.02) | 0.012 |
LV ED Length (cm) | 1.72 ± 0.30 | 2.02 ± 0.35*# | 1.79 ± 0.33 | 0.006 |
LV ES Area (cm2) | 0.87(0.69–1.16) | 1.22(0.99–1.39)*# | 0.95(0.71–1.21) | 0.004 |
LV ES Length (cm) | 1.47 ± 0.27 | 1.72 ± 0.32*# | 1.51 ± 0.29 | 0.005 |
LV EDV (ml) | 0.72(0.56–1.26) | 1.39(1.15–1.63)# | 1.15(0.65–1.79) | 0.009 |
LV ESV (ml) | 0.53(0.30–0.69) | 0.71(0.58–0.93)*# | 0.50(0.32–0.80) | 0.009 |
RV ED Area (cm2) | 1.16(1.05–1.57) | 1.80(1.43–2.18) | 1.45(0.98–2.22) | 0.036 |
RV ED Length (cm) | 1.44(1.36–1.90) | 1.89(1.75–2.11) | 1.59(1.42–2.07) | 0.029 |
RV ES Area (cm2) | 0.91(0.66–1.04) | 1.28(1.04–1.61)# | 1.00(0.69–1.55) | 0.010 |
RV ES Length (cm) | 1.38 ± 0.28 | 1.62 ± 0.30* | 1.43 ± 0.31 | 0.010 |
4CV GSI | 1.26 ± 0.16 | 1.25 ± 0.11 | 1.31 ± 0.10 | 0.064 |
4CV GSI% (%) | 40.46(16.46–93.85) | 61.15(25.43–79.04)* | 81.94(60.92–90.87) | 0.049 |
4CV GSI ZS | 1.23(0.77–1.75) | 0.76(0.49–1.38) | 0.91(0.49–1.33) | 0.224 |
4CV Width ED (cm) | 24.32(21.42–26.24) | 27.76(25.52–31.35)*# | 24.77(21.81–28.93) | 0.002 |
4CV Length ED (cm) | 30.60 ± 5.44 | 35.42 ± 5.41# | 32.83 ± 5.73 | 0.018 |
4CV Area (mm2) | 574.16(428.58-755.34) | 770.53(608.92–908.40)# | 619.38(488.02-845.76) | 0.007 |
CTAR | 0.27 ± 0.04 | 0.29 ± 0.05 | 0.27 ± 0.04 | 0.154 |