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Table 4 Multilevel logistic regression modelsa for the association of pre-labour caesarean delivery with women’s characteristics and organizational factors (N = 2,092, QUALI-DEC)

From: How does hospital organisation influence the use of caesarean sections in low- and middle-income countries? A cross-sectional survey in Argentina, Burkina Faso, Thailand and Vietnam for the QUALI-DEC project

Variables

Adjusted odds rations (95% Confidence interval)

Model 1b

p-value

Model 2b

p-value

Model 3b

p-value

Country

 

< 0.01

 

< 0.01

 

< 0.01

Burkina Faso

1

 

1

 

1

 

Argentina

6.57 (1.41–30.7)

0.02

22.3 (3.16–157.2)

< 0.01

12.3 (1.47–103.9)

0.02

Thailand

8.40 (1.84–38.2)

< 0.01

7.15 (1.05–48.7)

0.04

27.1 (4.20–175.4)

0.001

Vietnam

2.11 (0.44–10.2)

0.35

2.42 (0.46–12.8)

0.30

2.91 (0.53–16.1)

0.22

Complication at delivery

1.97 (1.23–3.15)

< 0.01

1.88 (1.18–3.0)

< 0.01

2.01 (1.26–3.21)

< 0.01

Birth weight

 

< 0.001

 

< 0.001

 

< 0.001

Low (< 2500 g)

0.65 (0.20–2.07)

0.47

0.67 (0.21–2.13)

0.50

0.65 (0.20–2.07)

0.47

Normal (2500-4000 g)

1

 

1

 

1

 

Macrosomia (≥ 4000 g)

7.08 (3.42–14.6)

< 0.001

7.11 (3.43–14.7)

< 0.001

6.85 (3.32–14.1)

< 0.001

Nulliparity

2.35 (1.40–3.94)

0.001

2.30 (1.38–3.85)

0.001

2.37 (1.42–3.97)

0.001

Attending ANC in another private facility

2.28 (1.35–3.86)

< 0.01

2.32 (1.37–3.92)

< 0.01

2.32 (1.37–3.92)

< 0.01

Maternal age

 

< 0.01

 

< 0.01

 

0.01

< 25 years

1

 

1

 

1

 

25–35 years

1.38 (0.76–2.49)

0.28

1.37 (0.76–2.47)

0.29

1.39 (0.78–2.50)

0.27

≥ 35 years

2.90 (1.40–6.0)

< 0.01

2.92 (1.42–6.01)

< 0.01

2.87 (1.39–5.91)

< 0.01

University level of education

1.79 (1.08–2.95)

0.02

1.81 (1.10–2.97)

0.02

1.80 (1.09–2.96)

0.02

Status of the maternity unit

      

Tertiary level of care

-

-

0.99 (0.36–2.71)

0.99

-

-

Private practice in the maternity unit

-

-

0.46 (0.16–1.31)

0.15

-

-

Teaching facility

-

-

1.83 (0.47–7.12)

0.38

-

-

Functioning US machine in delivery ward

-

-

1.81 (0.55–5.93)

0.33

-

-

Permanence of an anaesthetist

-

-

3.70 (1.41–9.72)

< 0.01

-

-

Any individual delivery room

-

-

0.28 (0.09–0.87)

0.03

-

-

Workload and care capacity

      

Number of births per one midwife/nurse per day

-

-

-

-

1.86 (0.66–5.23)

0.24

Number of births per one obstetrician per day

-

-

-

-

0.96 (0.70–1.31)

0.78

Number of births per admission bed per day

-

-

-

-

1.68 (0.81–3.51)

0.16

Number of births per delivery bed per day

-

-

-

-

0.73 (0.44–1.22)

0.23

Intraclass correlation

-

-

0.07 (0.02–0.28)

 

0.13 (0.05–0.30)

 
  1. aMixed-effects logistic regression models with random intercept
  2. bModel 1: women’s characteristics; model 2: women’s characteristics and maternity unit status; model 3: women’s characteristics and indicators of workload and care capacity
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BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth

ISSN: 1471-2393

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