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Table 2 Institutional variables of the hospitals where the study women delivered (QUALI-DEC)

From: How does hospital organisation influence the use of caesarean sections in low- and middle-income countries? A cross-sectional survey in Argentina, Burkina Faso, Thailand and Vietnam for the QUALI-DEC project

Institutional variablesa

Argentine (N = 8)

Burkina Faso (N = 8)

Thailand (N = 8)

Vietnam (N = 8)

Total of women (N = 2092)

Referral level, n (%)

 Primary – Secondary (ref)

2 (25.0)

6 (75.0)

1 (12.5)

7 (87.5)

1119 (53.5)

 Tertiary

6 (75.0)

2 (25.0)

7 (87.5)

1 (12.5)

973 (46.5)

Any private practice in the maternity unit, n (%)

 No (ref)

7 (87.5)

2 (25.0)

2 (25.0)

2 (25.0)

971 (46.4)

 Yes (private ward or facility)

1 (12.5)

6 (75.0)

6 (75.0)

6 (75.0)

1121 (53.6)

Teaching facility, n (%)

 No (ref)

0 (0.0)

5 (62.5)

0 (0.0)

2 (25.0)

468 (22.4)

 Yes

8 (100.0)

3 (37.5)

8 (100.0)

6 (75.0)

1624 (77.6)

Presence of a functioning US machine in delivery ward, n (%)

 No (ref)

4 (50.0)

4 (50.0)

0 (100.0)

1 (12.5)

513 (24.5)

 Yes

4 (50.0)

4 (50.0)

8 (100.0)

7 (87.5)

1579 (75.5)

Permanence of an anaesthetist, n (%)

 No (ref)

7 (87.5)

7 (87.5)

2 (25.0)

4 (50.0)

1151 (55.0)

 Yes

1 (12.5)

1 (12.5)

6 (75.0)

4 (50.0)

941 (45.0)

Any individual delivery room, n (%)

 No (ref)

6 (75.0)

8 (100.0)

7 (87.5)

6 (75.0)

1564 (74.8)

 Yes

2 (25.0)

0 (0.0)

1 (12.5)

2 (25.0)

528 (25.2)

Number of births per one midwife/nurse per day, median (Q1-Q3)

0.7 (0.5–0.8)

1.4 (1.1–1.7)

0.9 (0.8–1.0)

1.2 (0.5–1.6)

1.0 (0.8–1.4)

Number of births per one obstetrician per day, median (Q1-Q3)

0.7 (0.6–0.8)

5.1 (4.0–6.9)

4.5 (3.5–6.6)

2.9 (2.1–4.0)

3.7 (2.0–4.9)

Number of births per admission bed per day, median (Q1-Q3)

0.8 (0.7–1.3)

2.3 (1.7–3.1)

0.8 (0.7–0.9)

1.8 (0.9–2.7)

1.1 (0.8–2.1)

Number of births per delivery bed per day, median (Q1-Q3)

1.0 (0.9–1.8)

2.3 (1.7–3.1)

2.6 (1.4–3.1)

2.1 (1.8–2.9)

2.1 (1.4–3.0)

  1. aCharacteristics of the hospital where the woman delivered
  2. US Ultrasound