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Table 2 Bivariate results on the factors associated with health facility delivery (Weighted, N = 9,315)

From: What predicts health facility delivery among women? analysis from the 2021 Madagascar Demographic and Health Survey

Variables

Health facility delivery (%)

χ2

p-value

Individual/Household-level variables

 Age

18.46

0.005

  15-19

39.7

 

  20-24

40.8

 

  25-29

42.7

 

  30-34

43.3

 

  35-39

41.7

 

  40-44

34.9

 

  45-49

36.4

 

 Education

971.31

<0.001

  No education

20.4

 

  Primary

34.7

 

  Secondary/higher

60.4

 

 Marital Status

52.71

<0.001

  Never in union

40.6

 

  Married

43.4

 

  Cohabitation

33.0

 

  Widowed

44.9

 

  Divorced

36.9

 

 Employment status

37.84

<0.001

  Not working

49.8

 

  working

39.8

 

 Parity

264.76

<0.001

  One birth

51.8

 

  Two births

44.2

 

  Three births

40.8

 

  Four or more births

30.2

 

 Mass Media

605.14

<0.001

  No

26.7

 

  Yes

51.8

 

 ANC visits

635.82

<0.001

  No

6.4

 

  1 or more

45.4

 

 Health insurance coverage

177.13

<0.001

  No

40.0

 

  Yes

81.6

 

 Religion

583.96

<0.001

  Christianity

48.5

 

  Islam

56.8

 

  Traditional

19.6

 

  No religion

22.4

 

 Wealth index

6.53

<0.001

  Poorest

19.4

 

  Poorer

31.1

 

  Middle

38.4

 

  Richer

52.7

 

  Richest

72.6

 

 Terminated Pregnancy

5.99

0.014

  No

40.7

 

  Yes

44.3

 

Community-level variables

 Place of residence

485.41

<0.001

  Urban

61.2

 

  Rural

37.2

 

 Problem with permission to go to the health facility

9.14

0.003

  Big problem

36.8

 

  Not a big problem

41.9

 

 Problem with money need for treatment

107.64

<0.001

  Big problem

36.9

 

  Not a big problem

47.9

 

 Problem with distance to health facility

322.01

<0.001

  Not a big problem

28.6

 

  Not a big problem

48.1

 

 Problem with not wanting to go to the health facility alone

180.81

<0.001

  Not a big problem

31.1

 

  Not a big problem

45.6

 

 Community literacy level

853.24

<0.001

  Low

22.5

 

  Medium

40.1

 

  High

58.9

 

 Community socioeconomic status

5.72

<0.001

  Low

28.9

 

  Moderate

37.3

 

  High

63.7

 
  1. p-value less than 0.05 indicates statistical significance