Table 2 Overview of MA results for all neurodevelopmental outcomes after in utero exposure to lamotrigine monotherapy in women with epilepsy

Neuro-developmental disorders as a whole

n = 4 unexposed, WWE; n = 1 unexposed (not otherwise specified)

84/5271

456/22,230

0.84 [0.66;1.06]

0%; 0

Language disorders or delay

n = 2 unexposed, WWE; n = 4 unexposed, disease free; n = 1 unexposed (not otherwise specified)

15^a/313

50^a/506

1.16 [0.67;2.00]

58%; 0.29

Psychomotor developmental disorders or delay

n = 2 unexposed, disease free; n = 1 unexposed, WWE; n = 1 unexposed (not otherwise specified)

1^a/163

2^a/220

2.68 [1.29;5.56]

9%; 0.07

Diagnosis or risk of ADHD

n = 3 unexposed, WWE; n = 1 unexposed (not otherwise specified)

3^a/ 113^a

4^a/11,530

1.14 [0.75;1.72]

0%; 0

Diagnosis or risk of ASD

n = 4 unexposed, WWE; n = 1 unexposed, disease free

63^a/5262^a

358^a/33,313

0.97 [0.61;1.53]

30%; 0.08

n = 2 unexposed, WWE; n = 1 unexposed, disease free

50/5186

268/21,743

0.81 [0.59;1.11]

0%; 0

Cognitive developmental delay (< 3 years old)

n = 1 unexposed, WWE; n = 1 unexposed, disease free

5^a/42

2^a/86

3.42 [1.17;9.98]

0%; 0

Cognitive developmental delay (3–6 years old)

n = 2 unexposed, disease free; n = 1 unexposed (not otherwise specified)

1^a/79

2^a/146

3.39 [0.56;20.57]

68%; 1.70

Cognitive developmental delay (> 6 years old)

n = 2 unexposed, WWE; n = 1 unexposed, disease free

12^a/113

30^a/124

0.75 [0.41;1.37]

0%; 0

Severe cognitive developmental delay (Mental retardation) – children (3–6 years old)

n = 1 unexposed, disease free

0/35

1/44

0.41 [0.02;10.40]

-

Severe cognitive developmental delay (Mental retardation) – children (> 6 years old)

n = 1 unexposed, WWE

21/5073

139/21,634

0.73

[0.46; 1.16]

-

Learning disorders

n = 1 unexposed, WWE; n = 1 unexposed, disease free

5^a/125

4^a/224

1.45 [0.82;2.54]

0%; 0