Table 2 Pregnancy outcomes and HbA1c levels of the enrolled women

Stillbirth

Gestational Age > 22 Weeks)

N = 124

N = 2831

N = 91

N = 2362

N = 124

N = 3978

N = 339

N = 9171

 HbA1c < 5.7

102 (82.3)

2515 (88.8)

81 (89.9)

2253 (95.4)

103 (86.1)

3432 (86.3)

286 (84.4)

8200 (89.4)

 HbA1c 5.7–6.4

20 (16.1)

304 (10.7)

5 (5.5)

92 (3.9)

13 (10.5)

512 (12.9)

38 (11.2)

908 (9.9)

 HbA1c ≥ 6.5

2 (1.6)

12 (0.4)

5 (5.5)

17 (0.7)

8 (6.4)

34 (0.8)

15 (4.4)

63 (0.7)

Preterm birth

(< 37 weeks of Gestation)

N = 331

N = 2464

N = 351

N = 1961

N = 210

N = 3604

N = 892

N = 8029

 HbA1c < 5.7

288 (87.0)

2194 (89.0)

327 (93.2)

1879 (95.8)

175 (83.3)

3116 (86.5)

790 (88.6)

7189 (89.5)

 HbA1c 5.7–6.4

38 (11.5)

263 (10.7)

19 (5.4)

71 (3.6)

29 (13.8)

461 (12.8)

86 (9.6)

795 (9.9)

 HbA1c ≥ 6.5

5 (1.5)

7 (0.3)

5 (1.4)

11 (0.6)

6 (2.9)

27 (0.7)

16 (1.8)

45 (0.6)

Large for gestational age

(> 10th centile)

N = 30

N = 2362

N = 32

N = 1943

N = 470

N = 3167

N = 532

N = 7472

 HbA1c < 5.7

25 (83.3)

2099 (88.9)

27 (84.4)

1858 (95.6)

382 (81.3)

2747 (86.7)

434 (81.6)

6704 (89.7)

 HbA1c 5.7–6.4

2 (6.7)

255 (10.8)

2 (6.3)

75 (3.9)

74 (15.7)

403 (12.7)

78 (14.6)

733 (9.8)

 HbA1c ≥ 6.5

3 (10.0)

8 (0.3)

3 (9.3)

10 (0.5)

14 (3.0)

17 (0.5)

20 (3.8)

35 (0.5)

Cesarean section delivery

N = 385

N = 2410

N = 375

N = 1815

N = 132

N = 3674

N = 892

N = 7899

 HbA1c < 5.7

339 (88.0)

2143 (88.9)

346 (92.3)

1742 (96.0)

108 (81.8)

3175 (86.4)

793 (88.9)

7060 (89.4)

 HbA1c 5.7–6.4

43 (11.2)

258 (10.7)

21 (5.6)

65 (3.6)

22 (16.7)

468 (12.7)

86 (9.6)

791 (10.0)

 HbA1c ≥ 6.5

3 (0.8)

9 (0.4)

8 (2.1)

8 (0.4)

2 (1.5)

31 (0.9)

13 (1.5)

48 (0.6)