Table 1 Characteristics of participants according to antepartum depression status in the CMUBC study

EPDS < 10

EPDS ≥ 10

P value

Age at enrollments (years)

31.5 ± 4.1

31.3 ± 4.2

0.31

Ethnicity

0.91

 Han

1,523 (92.5)

255 (92.7)

 Others

123 (7.5)

20 (7.3)

Educational attainment

0.50

 High school or below

261 (14.2)

41 (12.8)

College or above

1,572 (85.8)

279 (87.2)

Household income per year, CNY

0.86

 < 50,000

639 (40.0)

110 (40.6)

 ≥ 50,000

958 (60.0)

161 (59.4)

Parity

0.97

 Primipara

773 (67.2)

146 (67.3)

 Multipara

378 (32.8)

71 (32.7)

Marital status

0.16

 Married

1,814 (99.2)

313 (98.4)

 Single

14 (0.8)

5 (1.6)

Stress score

 First trimester

39.6 ± 10.0

51.4 ± 14.1

< 0.001

 Second trimester

39.0 ± 9.4

54.2 ± 13.4

< 0.001

 Third trimester

38.5 ± 9.3

52.9 ± 13.5

< 0.001

Stress score categories

< 0.001

 < 38.5

1,022 (55.4)

37 (11.6)

 ≥ 38.5

822 (44.6)

283 (88.4)

Pre-pregnancy BMI categories, kg/m²

0.23

 < 18.5

226 (12.4)

50 (15.8)

 18.5- < 24.0

1,042 (57.1)

177 (55.8)

 ≥ 24.0

558 (30.6)

90 (28.4)

Smoking status

0.07

 No

1,780 (97.2)

299 (95.2)

 Yes

52 (2.8)

15 (4.8)

Pittsburgh sleep index

 First trimester

5.1 ± 2.4

6.6 ± 2.8

< 0.001

 Second trimester

4.8 ± 2.5

7.0 ± 3.0

< 0.001

 Third trimester

5.4 ± 2.9

7.7 ± 3.0

< 0.001