Fig. 3

Dose-response analysis: associations between cumulative noise exposure scores and depression status across three trimesters ^aAdjusted for age at enrollment, household income, ethnicity, marital status, level of education, pre-pregnancy BMI, parity, smoking status, sleep quality score, and stress in the 1st trimester. ^bAdjusted for age at enrollment, household income, ethnicity, marital status, level of education, pre-pregnancy BMI, parity, smoking status, sleep quality score, and stress in the 2nd trimester. ^cAdjusted for age at enrollment, household income, ethnicity, marital status, level of education, pre-pregnancy BMI, parity, smoking status, sleep quality score, and stress in the 3rd trimester. ^dAdjusted for age at enrollment, household income, ethnicity, marital status, level of education, pre-pregnancy BMI, parity, smoking status, average sleep quality score, and average stress throughout pregnancy. Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index ^**P < 0.01; ^*P < 0.05