Table 5 Availability of equipment and supplies, essential medicines for mothers and essential medicines for newborns among health facilities providing normal low-risk delivery services in Nepal in 2015 and 2021

Readiness domain: Equipment and supplies

 i. Emergency transport

62.6

82.0

19.4

[14.2; 24.5]

< 0.0001*

 ii. Examination light

60.7

93.8

33.1

[28.3; 37.9]

< 0.0001*

 iii. Delivery pack

92.9

97.9

5.0

[2.3; 7.5]

< 0.0001*

 iv. Suction apparatus

62.0

65.7

3.7

[-1.8; 9.3]

0.1890

 v. Neonatal bag and mask

82.8

91.6

8.8

[4.9; 12.8]

< 0.0001*

 vi. Delivery bed

96.3

98.7

2.4

[0.5; 4.3]

0.0140*

 vii. Partograph

80.0

90.4

10.4

[6.2; 14.6]

< 0.0001*

 viii. Blood pressure apparatus

84.1

95.3

11.2

[7.5; 14.8]

< 0.0001*

 ix. Latex gloves

92.5

97.5

5.0

[2.3; 7.6]

< 0.0001*

 x. Sterilization equipment

65.0

66.1

1.2

[-4.3; 6.7]

0.6690

 xi. Infant weighing scale

89.9

94.1

4.2

[1.1; 7.5]

0.0090*

 xii. Manual vacuum extractor

20.7

23.2

2.5

[-2.2; 7.2]

0.3030

 xiii. Vacuum aspiration kit

19.2

20.9

1.7

[-2.8; 6.3]

0.4540

 All 13 pieces of equipment

6.5

8.8

2.3

[-0.7; 5.3]

0.1320

Readiness domain: Essential medicines for mothers

 i. Injectable uterotonic

88.2

97.0

8.8

[5.6; 12.0]

< 0.0001*

 ii. Injectable antibiotic

40.9

66.1

25.2

[19.6; 30.8]

< 0.0001*

 iii. Injectable magnesium sulfate

72.2

70.7

-1.5

[-6.7; 3.7]

0.5700

 iv. Skin antiseptic

91.4

98.1

6.7

[4.0; 9.5]

< 0.0001*

 v. Intravenous solution with an infusion set

90.3

97.2

6.9

[3.9; 9.8]

< 0.0001*

 All five essential medicines and commodities

29.7

49.8

20.1

[14.7; 25.6]

< 0.0001*

Readiness domain: Essential medicines for newborns

 i. 4% Chlorhexidine

58.0

80.2

22.2

[16.9; 27.5]

< 0.0001*

 ii. Tetracycline eye ointment

39.5

7.8

-31.7

[-36.6; -26.8]

< 0.0001*

 iii. Injection gentamycin

74.8

79.8

5.0

[0.2; 9.90]

0.0420*

 iv. Amoxycillin syrup

25.7

62.2

36.5

[31.3; 41.80]

< 0.0001*

 v. Ceftriaxone powder for injection

12.0

38.1

26.1

[21.6; 30.6]

< 0.0001*

 All 5 essential medicines and commodities

0.7

2.2

1.50

[0.3; 2.8]

0.0180*

Total health facilities

457

804

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