Table 1 Demographic and clinical factors associated with low birth weight
From: Machine learning-based approach for predicting low birth weight
Outcome | Non-LBW (n = 7570) | LBW (n = 1280) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Maternal age | < 0.001 | ||
13–19 | 137 (1.8) | 36 (2.8) | |
20–35 | 6247 (82.5) | 995 (77.7) | |
Above 35 | 1186 (15.7) | 249 (19.5) | |
Education | 0.348 | ||
Illiterate | 480 (6.3) | 73 (5.7) | |
Primary | 2344 (31.0) | 378 (29.5) | |
High-school/Diploma | 3463 (45.8) | 609 (47.6) | |
Advanced | 1283 (16.9) | 220 (17.2) | |
Occupation | 0.299 | ||
Housewife | 6798 (89.8) | 1146 (89.5) | |
Worker/employee | 772 (10.2) | 134 (10.5) | |
Living residency | 0.045 | ||
Urban | 5056 (66.8) | 823 (64.3) | |
Rural | 2517 (33.2) | 457 (35.7) | |
Gestational age | < 0.001 | ||
24–36+6 | 429 (5.7) | 801 (62.6) | |
37–41 | 7141 (94.3) | 479 (37.4) | |
Parity | < 0.001 | ||
Primiparous | 2056 (27.1) | 439 (34.3) | |
Multiparous | 5517 (72.9) | 841 (65.7) | |
Access to prenatal care | 0.030 | ||
Yes | 7343 (97.0) | 1255 (98.0) | |
No | 230 (3.0) | 25 (0.2) | |
Maternal anemia | 0.047 | ||
No | 7364 (97.2) | 1233 (96.3) | |
Yes | 209 (2.8) | 47 (3.7) | |
Chronic hypertension | 0.005 | ||
No | 7501 (99.0) | 1256 (98.1) | |
Yes | 72 (1.0) | 24 (1.9) | |
Cardiovascular disease | 0.803 | ||
No | 7492 (98.9) | 1267 (99.0) | |
Yes | 81 (1.1) | 13 (1.0) | |
Diabetes | 0.276 | ||
No | 6420 (84.8) | 1094 (85.5) | |
Yes | 1153 (15.2) | 186 (14.5) | |
Preeclampsia | < 0.001 | ||
No | 7196 (95.0) | 1083 (84.6) | |
Yes | 377 (5.0) | 197 (15.4) | |
Drug addiction | < 0.001 | ||
No | 7530 (99.4) | 1251 (97.7) | |
Yes | 42 (0.6) | 29 (2.3) | |
Previous low birth weight | < 0.001 | ||
No | 7479 (98.8) | 1089 (85.1) | |
Yes | 94 (1.2) | 191 (14.9) | |
COVID-19 | 0.020 | ||
No | 7465 (98.6) | 1250 (97.7) | |
Yes | 108 (1.4) | 30 (2.3) | |
Thyroid dysfunction | 0.999 | ||
No | 6778 (89.5) | 1146 (89.5) | |
Yes | 795 (10.5) | 134 (10.5) | |
Hepatitis | 0.079 | ||
No | 7543 (99.6) | 1279 (99.1) | |
Yes | 30 (0.4) | 1 (0.1) | |
Newborn gender | < 0.001 | ||
Male | 3942 (52.1) | 599 (46.8) | |
Female | 3631 (47.9) | 681 (53.2) | |
Supplementary intake | 0.078 | ||
No | 4 (0.1) | 5 (0.4) | |
Yes | 7569 (99.9) | 1275 (99.6) |