Skip to main content

Table 4 Multinomial logistic regression identified factors associated with gender preferences among pregnant women

From: Toward sustainable development goals in gender inequality: an analysis of gender preferences among urban pregnant women in a Southeast Asian country

Characteristics

Son preference

Daughter preference

OR

95%CI

OR

95%CI

INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTICS

    

Education (High school or above vs. < High school)

0.32***

0.16; 0.65

0.81

0.39; 1.69

Education of Partner (High school or above vs. < High school)

1.31

0.69; 2.46

2.04**

1.06; 3.91

Occupation (vs. Farmer, worker-ref)

    

Office worker

1.38

0.67; 2.85

2.07*

0.93; 4.61

Others

0.88

0.37; 2.07

3.16***

1.32; 7.57

Living with parents-in-law (Yes vs. No-ref)

1.02

0.57; 1.82

2.33***

1.25; 4.34

Having insurance (Yes vs. No-ref)

0.70

0.34; 1.43

0.43**

0.20; 0.92

Husband’s age

1.03

0.98; 1.09

0.95

0.89; 1.02

Monthly household income

1.00

1.00; 1.00

1.00

1.00; 1.00

MATERNITY CARE

    

Number of pregnancies (vs. Once-ref)

    

2 times

0.88

0.43; 1.83

11.55***

4.61; 28.91

3 times and above

1.46

0.57; 3.71

19.58***

5.86; 65.38

Gender of first child (vs. None/Unknown - ref)

    

Male

2.52*

0.96; 6.60

0.77

0.30; 1.97

Female

4.16***

1.54; 11.25

0.08***

0.02; 0.24

Pressure to have a son (Yes vs. No-ref)

6.77***

2.06; 22.26

2.84

0.64; 12.60

The importance to have a son

    

Self (per score)

3.05***

1.85; 5.02

0.67

0.40; 1.13

Parents-in-law (per score)

1.11

0.69; 1.77

2.15***

1.38; 3.35

Parent (per score)

1.25

0.78; 2.02

0.48***

0.29; 0.79

Satisfaction

    

Parents-in-law (per score)

0.96

0.82; 1.12

0.82**

0.71; 0.96

Parent (per score)

0.85

0.70; 1.03

1.10

0.89; 1.35

Information sources on pregnancy care

    

Radio/Television (Yes vs. No - ref)

0.58

0.26; 1.28

0.20***

0.08; 0.52

Health worker (Yes vs. No - ref)

0.77

0.42; 1.42

1.93*

0.99; 3.78

Smartphone app (Yes vs. No - ref)

0.48**

0.24; 0.99

0.59

0.28; 1.24

  1. *** p < 0.01, ** p < 0.05, * p < 0.1
Back to article page

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth

ISSN: 1471-2393

Contact us