Toward sustainable development goals in gender inequality: an analysis of gender preferences among urban pregnant women in a Southeast Asian country

Table 3 Childbearing, the desire to have children of respondents

Characteristics	Total		Son preference		No preference		Daughter preference		p
Characteristics	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	p
Number of pregnancies
1 time	324	44.7	88	27.2	192	59.3	44	13.6	< 0.01
2 times	278	38.3	62	22.3	132	47.5	84	30.2
3 times and above	123	17.0	42	34.1	53	43.1	28	22.8
Gender of first child
None/Unknown	133	18.2	19	14.3	91	68.4	23	17.3	< 0.01
Male	327	44.7	82	25.1	141	43.1	104	31.8
Female	271	37.1	93	34.3	147	54.2	31	11.4
Desired number of children
One	14	2.2	4	28.6	6	42.9	4	28.6	< 0.01
Two	422	67.6	77	18.2	258	61.1	87	20.6
3 children and above	188	30.1	62	33.0	93	49.5	33	17.6
The pressure to have a son
No	687	93.9	167	24.3	371	54.0	149	21.7	< 0.01
Yes	45	6.2	27	60.0	9	20.0	9	20.0
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
The importance to have son (1–5)
Self	2.3	0.9	2.8	0.8	2.1	0.8	2.1	0.8	< 0.01
Husband/ Partner	2.5	1.0	3.0	0.9	2.3	0.9	2.3	1.0	< 0.01
Parents-in-law	2.7	1.0	3.1	0.9	2.5	1.0	2.6	1.1	< 0.01
Parents	2.4	0.9	2.8	0.9	2.2	0.9	2.2	0.9	< 0.01

ISSN: 1471-2393