Table 2 Background characteristics in the case–control population, 2,224 singleton pregnancies with birthweight ≥ 2000 g, (excluding congenital malformations) in five urban health facilities in Dar es Salaam
Variables | Total n (%) | Healthy babies n (%) | Pre-facility stillbirths n (%) | Intra-facility perinatal deaths n (%) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 2,224 | 1,485 (66.8) | 452 (20.3) | 287 (12.9) | |
Age groups (years) | |||||
15–19 | 211 (9.5) | 164 (11.0) | 25 (5.5) | 22 (7.7) | < 0.001 |
20—35 | 1,760 (79.1) | 1,174 (79.1) | 361 (79.7) | 225 (78.4) | |
36—45 | 253 (11.4) | 147 (9.9) | 66 (14.6) | 40 (13.9) | |
Mean Age (SD) | 27 (6.2) | 26.5 (6.1) | 28.2 (6.3) | 27.5 (6.3) | < 0.001 |
Parity after current birth | |||||
Para 1 | 893 (40.2) | 625 (42.1) | 153 (33.8) | 115 (40.1) | 0.009 |
Para 2—4 | 1,197 (53.8) | 775 (52.2) | 262 (57.9) | 160 (55.7) | |
Para ≥ 5 | 134 (6.03) | 85 (5.7) | 37 (8.2) | 12 (4.2) | |
Gestation age (weeks) | |||||
< 37 | 305 (13.7) | 119 (8.0) | 143 (31.6) | 43 (14.9) | < 0.001 |
37–40 | 1,022 (45.9) | 751 (50.6) | 150 (33.2) | 121 (42.2) | |
> 40 | 721 (32.4) | 514 (34.6) | 116 (25.7) | 91 (31.7) | |
Missing information | 176 (7.9) | 101 (6.8) | 43 (9.5) | 32 (11.2) | |
Antenatal clinic attendance | |||||
Never attended | 8 (0.4) | 2 (0.1) | 3 (0.7) | 3 (1.0) | < 0.001 |
1–3 visits | 518 (23.3) | 317 (21.3) | 153 (33.8) | 48 (16.7) | |
4–6 visits | 1,471 (66.1) | 1,021 (68.8) | 260 (57.5) | 190 (66.2) | |
> 6 visits | 156 (7.0) | 115 (7.7) | 23 (5.1) | 18 (6.2) | |
Missing information | 71 (3.2) | 30 (2.0) | 13 (2.9) | 28 (9.7) | |
Past history of perinatal death | |||||
Yes-previous perinatal death | 194 (14.6) | 135 (15.7) | 47 (15.7) | 12 (7.0) | 0.001 |
No previous perinatal death | 1,137 (85.4) | 725 (84.3) | 252 (84.3) | 160 (93.0) | |
Para 1 (First pregnancy-excluded) | 893 (40.2) | 625 (42.1) | 153 (33.9) | 115 (40.1) | |