Table 1 Comparison of Socio‑demographic characteristics and lead concentrations in maternal blood and umbilical cord blood between the addicted mothers and the control group

Age (years)

21.28 ± 3.85

23.31 ± 4.91

0.06 ^a

Body mass index (kg/m²)

22.22 ± 4.06

23.37 ± 3.16

0.14 ^a

Number (Percentage)

Number (Percentage)

Education

Preparatory

15 (42.9)

22 (62.9)

0.09 ^b

Secondary

20 (57.1)

13 (37.1)

Employment

Employed

31 (88.6)

33 (94.3)

0.67 ^c

Unemployed

4 (11.4)

2 (5.7)

Maternal blood lead (µg/dL)

5>

11 (31.4)

0

< 0.0001 ^c

5≤

24 (68.6)

35 (100)

Umbilical cord blood lead (µg/dL)

5>

15 (42.9)

0

< 0.0001 ^c

5≤

20 (57.1)

35 (100)