Table 1 Distribution of study subjects according to socio-demographic and maternal characteristics
Maternal Characteristics | Variable | Cases (n = 48) [Frequency (%)] | Controls (n = 46) [Frequency (%)] |
|---|---|---|---|
Age | 18–21 | 17(35.4%) | 10(21.7%) |
22–25 | 20(41.7%) | 20(43.5%) | |
≥ 26 | 11(22.9%) | 16(34.8%) | |
Occupation | Housewife | 47(97.9%) | 42(91.3%) |
Employed | 1(2.1%) | 4(8.7%) | |
Education | Till Primary School | 20(41.7%) | 10(21.7%) |
High School | 14(29.2%) | 10(21.7%) | |
Intermediate | 8(16.7%) | 11(23.9%) | |
Graduate | 6(12.5%) | 9(19.6%) | |
Post Graduate | 0 | 6(13.0%) | |
Religion | Hindu | 41(85.4%) | 40(87%) |
Others | 7(14.6%) | 6(13%) | |
Socio economic status | Lower | 10(20.8%) | 5(10.9%) |
Upper Lower | 24(50.0%) | 19(41.3%) | |
Lower Middle | 13(27.1%) | 17(37.0%) | |
Upper Middle | 1(2.1%) | 4(8.7%) | |
Upper | 0 | 1(2.2%) | |
Iron / Folic Acid Supplementation | Present | 27(56.2%) | 36(78.3%) |
Absent | 21(43.8%) | 10(21.7%) | |
ANC Visits | < 4 visits | 5(10.4%) | 3(6.5%) |
≥ 4 visits | 43(89.6%) | 43(93.5%) | |
Dietary Habits | Non-Vegetarian | 28(58.3%) | 26(56.5%) |
Vegetarian | 20(41.7%) | 20(43.5%) | |
Milk Consumption | Present | 22(45.8%) | 34(73.9%) |
Absent | 26(54.2%) | 12(26.1%) | |
Serum Vitamin D Level | Deficient | 36(75.0%) | 24(52.1%) |
Insufficient | 3(6.3%) | 9(19.6%) | |
Sufficient | 9(18.7%) | 13(28.3%) |