Table 1 Background characteristics and prevalence of anaemia
From: Geospatial disparities and predictors of anaemia among pregnant women in Sub-Saharan Africa
Variable | Urban | Rural | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|  | Frequency (n = 3,047) | Proportion of Anaemia | Frequency (n = 8,527) | Proportion of Anaemia |
Age (years) | X2 = 8.7,p = 0.191 | X2 = 3.0, p = 0.688 | ||
15–19 | 158 | 55.9 | 525 | 54.1 |
20–24 | 793 | 50.7 | 2,251 | 49.3 |
25–29 | 963 | 48.3 | 2,391 | 48.4 |
30–34 | 696 | 51.0 | 1,772 | 51.7 |
35–39 | 351 | 46.8 | 1,126 | 51.3 |
40–44 | 74 | 62.4 | 400 | 49.2 |
45–49 | 12 | 36.6 | 62 | 52.1 |
Level of education | X2 = 27.863, p < 0.001 | X2 = 92.237, p < 0.001 | ||
No education | 659 | 56.2 | 4,115 | 55.6 |
Primary | 846 | 52.3 | 3,263 | 44.7 |
Secondary | 1,318 | 47.9 | 1,100 | 46.0 |
Higher | 224 | 35.4 | 49 | 35.1 |
Wealth index | X2 = 22.859, p < 0.001 | X2 = 13.404, p < 0.001 | ||
Poorest | 182 | 58.7 | 2,620 | 51.6 |
Poorer | 244 | 54.1 | 2,493 | 50.4 |
Middle | 443 | 56.1 | 1,883 | 48.6 |
Richer | 962 | 50.9 | 1,211 | 50.6 |
Richest | 1,216 | 44.9 | 320 | 41.2 |
Parity | X2 = 15.391, p < 0.001 | X2 = 6.939, p = 0.139 | ||
One | 958 | 49.0 | 1,856 | 50.3 |
Two | 761 | 46.5 | 1,633 | 47.5 |
Three | 501 | 48.1 | 1,437 | 48.2 |
Four | 328 | 55.2 | 1,122 | 49.9 |
Five or more | 499 | 55.8 | 2,509 | 52.6 |
Marital status | X2 = 2.635, p = 0.756 | X2 = 8.649, p = 0.124 | ||
Never in union | 118 | 52.1 | 132 | 45.9 |
Married | 2,147 | 49.9 | 6,751 | 50.7 |
Cohabitation | 679 | 50.3 | 1,388 | 47.7 |
Widowed | 9 | 51.1 | 40 | 45.8 |
Divorced | 24 | 50.9 | 73 | 44.8 |
Separated | 70 | 46.7 | 143 | 48.9 |
Labour force | X2 = 0.293, p = 0.588 | X2 = 0.179, p = 0.672 | ||
Not working | 1,055 | 47.7 | 2,676 | 49.5 |
Working | 1,992 | 51.2 | 5,851 | 50.3 |
Health insurance coverage | X2 = 5.263, p = 0.022 | X2 = 7.840, p = 0.005 | ||
No | 2,674 | 50.8 | 8,020 | 50.6 |
Yes | 373 | 44.0 | 507 | 42.3 |
Antenatal care visits | X2 = 1.350, p = 0.245 | X2 = 0.208, p = 0.648 | ||
Less than 8 | 2,807 | 50.5 | 8,406 | 50.0 |
8 or more | 240 | 44.6 | 121 | 56.8 |
Duration of pregnancy | X2 = 100.594, p < 0.001 | X2 = 173.492, p < 0.001 | ||
1st trimester | 876 | 35.1 | 2,243 | 37.6 |
2nd trimester | 1,152 | 58.5 | 3,466 | 53.7 |
3rd trimester | 1,019 | 53.3 | 2,818 | 55.5 |
Intestinal parasite drugs taken | X2 = 0.065, p = 0.798 | X2 = 0.484, p = 0.487 | ||
No | 1,508 | 49.7 | 5,094 | 49.2 |
Yes | 1,539 | 50.3 | 3,433 | 51.4 |
Iron tablets/syrup taken | X2 = 1.048, p = 0.306 | X2 = 0.279, p = 0.598 | ||
No | 472 | 47.1 | 2,339 | 49.8 |
Yes | 2,575 | 50.5 | 6,188 | 50.2 |
Community socio economic status | X2 = 13.432, p < 0.001 | X2 = 23.435, p < 0.001 | ||
Low | 417 | 57.1 | 6,240 | 51.8 |
Moderate | 599 | 57.0 | 1,840 | 44.7 |
High | 2,031 | 46.5 | 437 | 47.2 |
Community literacy level | X2 = 10.895, p = 0.004 | X2 = 25.512, p < 0.001 | ||
Low | 373 | 54.6 | 4,676 | 52.3 |
Moderate | 959 | 50.4 | 3,065 | 47.9 |
High | 1,715 | 48.8 | 786 | 45.6 |
Exposure to mass media | X2 = 2.668, p = 0.102 | X2 = 0.726, p = 0.394 | ||
No | 726 | 53.6 | 3,809 | 49.7 |
Yes | 2,321 | 48.9 | 4,718 | 50.3 |
Source of drinking water | X2 = 0.404, p = 0.817 | X2 = 2.611, p = 0.271 | ||
Improved | 2,513 | 50.0 | 4,560 | 49.7 |
Unimproved | 461 | 50.5 | 3,790 | 50.1 |
Other/not in the house | 73 | 45.6 | 177 | 57.0 |
Total | 3,047 | 50.0 | 8,527 | 50.0 |