Table 2 Factors associated with adequacy and timing of prenatal care in South Carolina, 2018–2021
Characteristics | Prenatal care Not adequatea N (%) | P-valueb | Prenatal care Initiated 4–9 monthsc N (%) | P-valueb |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Period | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||
Pandemic | 7043 (24.1) | 7940 (27.2) | ||
Pre- pandemic | 25,672 (21.6) | 29,753 (25.0) | ||
Age | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||
< 20 years | 3174 (34.6) | 3666 (40.0) | ||
20–34 years | 25,270 (21.7) | 28,885 (24.8) | ||
≥ 35 years | 4271 (19.0) | 5142 (22.9) | ||
Race | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||
White | 19,427 (20.1) | 22,277 (23.1) | ||
Black | 12,286 (25.9) | 14,202 (30.0) | ||
Other | 1002 (24.3) | 1214 (29.4) | ||
Education level | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||
Less than high school graduate | 17,175 (30.6) | 19,333 (34.5) | ||
High school graduate/ Associate degree | 13,750 (17.9) | 16,343 (21.3) | ||
College graduate or above | 1790 (11.7) | 2017 (13.2) | ||
Health Insurance | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||
Private | 8071 (12.8) | 9631 (15.2) | ||
Medicaid | 21,314 (29.0) | 24,398 (33.2) | ||
None | 3330 (29.4) | 3664 (32.3) | ||
WIC programd | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||
Yes | 13,172 (24.2) | 15,428 (28.4) | ||
No | 19,543 (20.8) | 22,265 (23.7) | ||
Previous live birth | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||
Yes | 20,480 (23.1) | 23,367 (26.4) | ||
No | 12,235 (20.5) | 14,326 (24.0) | ||
Previous cesarean delivery | 0.62 | 0.17 | ||
Yes | 5357 (22.0) | 6121 (25.1) | ||
No | 27,358 (22.1) | 31,572 (25.5) | ||
Pre-pregnancy or gestational diabetes | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||
Yes | 1982 (16.1) | 2579 (21.0) | ||
No | 30,733 (22.6) | 35,114 (25.8) | ||
Pre-pregnancy or gestational hypertension | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||
Yes | 3498 (18.3) | 4257 (22.3) | ||
No | 29,217 (22.6) | 33,436 (25.9) | ||
Smoking during pregnancy | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||
Yes | 3687 (34.0) | 4060 (37.5) | ||
No | 29,028 (21.1) | 33,633 (24.5) | ||
Pre-pregnancy BMIe | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||
Underweight or normal weight | 13,567 (23.1) | 15,329 (26.1) | ||
Overweight | 8368 (22.1) | 9654 (25.5) | ||
Obese | 10,780 (20.9) | 12,710 (24.7) | ||
Plurality of fetus | < 0.001 | 0.59 | ||
Single | 32,204 (22.1) | 36,994 (25.4) | ||
Multiple | 511 (18.9) | 699 (25.9) |