Table 1 Characteristics of pregnant women giving birth in South Carolina by pandemic and pre-pandemic period, 2018–2021
Characteristics | Total (N = 148,162) N (%) | Pre-Pandemic (N = 118,925) N (%) | Pandemic (N = 29,237) N (%) | P-valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | < 0.001 | |||
< 20 years | 9162 (6.2) | 7494 (6.3) | 1668 (5.7) | |
20–34 years | 116,552 (78.7) | 93,494 (78.6) | 23,058 (78.9) | |
≥ 35 years | 22,448 (14.6) | 17,937 (15.1) | 4511 (15.4) | |
Race | 0.03 | |||
White | 96,653 (65.2) | 77,651 (65.3) | 19,002 (65.0) | |
Black | 47,380 (32.0) | 37,904 (31.9) | 9476 (32.4) | |
Other | 4129 (2.8) | 3370 (2.8) | 759 (2.6) | |
Education level | 0.002 | |||
Less than high school graduate | 56,077 (37.9) | 45,023 (37.9) | 11,054 (37.8) | |
High school graduate/ Associate degree | 76,799 (51.8) | 61,793 (52.0) | 15,006 (51.3) | |
College graduate or above | 15,286 (10.3) | 12,109 (10.2) | 3177 (10.9) | |
Health Insurance | 0.02 | |||
Private | 63,262 (42.7) | 50,837 (42.8) | 12,425 (42.5) | |
Medicaid | 73,560 (49.7) | 59,099 (49.7) | 14,461 (49.5) | |
None | 11,340 (7.7) | 8989 (7.6) | 2351 (8.04) | |
WIC programb | < 0.001 | |||
Yes | 54,372 (36.7) | 45,083 (37.9) | 9289 (31.8) | |
No | 93,790 (63.3) | 73,842 (62.1) | 19,948 (68.2) | |
Previous live birth | < 0.001 | |||
Yes | 88,502 (59.7) | 70,417 (59.2) | 18,085 (61.9) | |
No | 59,660 (40.3) | 48,508 (40.8) | 11,152 (38.1) | |
Previous cesarean delivery | 0.39 | |||
Yes | 24,392 (16.5) | 19,530 (16.4) | 4862 (16.6) | |
No | 123,770 (83.5) | 99,395 (83.6) | 24,375 (83.4) | |
Pre-pregnancy or gestational diabetes | < 0.001 | |||
Yes | 12,290 (8.3) | 9587 (8.1) | 2703 (9.3) | |
No | 135,872 (91.7) | 109,338 (91.9) | 26,534 (90.8) | |
Pre-pregnancy or gestational hypertension | < 0.001 | |||
Yes | 19,121 (12.9) | 14,940 (12.6) | 4181 (14.3) | |
No | 129,041 (87.1) | 103,985 (87.4) | 25,056 (85.7) | |
Smoking during pregnancy | < 0.001 | |||
Yes | 10,831 (7.3) | 9085 (7.6) | 1746 (6.0) | |
No | 137,331 (92.7) | 109,840 (92.4) | 27,491 (94.0) | |
Pre-pregnancy BMIc | < 0.001 | |||
Underweight or normal weight | 58,734 (39.6) | 47,664 (40.1) | 11,070 (37.9) | |
Overweight | 37,908 (25.6) | 30,352 (25.5) | 7556 (25.8) | |
Obese | 51,520 (34.8) | 40,909 (34.4) | 10,611 (36.3) | |
Gestational age | < 0.001 | |||
< 37 weeks | 15,987 (10.8) | 12,175 (10.2) | 3812 (13.0) | |
≥ 37 weeks | 132,175 (89.2) | 106,750 (89.8) | 25,425 (87.0) | |
Plurality of fetus | 0.009 | |||
Single | 145,462 (98.2) | 116,811 (98.2) | 28,651 (98.0) | |
Multiple | 2700 (1.8) | 2114 (1.8) | 586 (2.0) |