Table 3 Adjusted odds ratio for effects of sociodemographic and maternal factors on low birth weight in Urban India using binary logistic regression

Religion (Hindu ®)

 Muslim

0.76 (0.70, 0.82)

0.96 (0.82, 1.12)

0.77 (0.62, 0.94)

0.68 (0.55, 0.84)

0.75 (0.25, 2.23)

0.87 (0.74, 1.02)

0.58 (0.49, 0.69)

 Christian

1.01 (0.84, 1.22)

4.30 (1.61, 11.53)

0.63 (0.26, 1.56)

0.95 (0.24, 3.67)

0.44 (0.16, 1.24)

1.17 (0.92, 1.50)

4.37 (2.68, 7.12)

 Other

0.87 (0.72, 1.05)

0.55 (0.21, 1.47)

0.47 (0.12, 1.88)

0.76 (0.58, 1.01)

1.00 (0.29, 3.49)

5.41 (2.13, 13.78)

0.74 (0.52, 1.04)

Social category (General ®)

 Schedule tribe

0.79 (0.68, 0.91)

0.75 (0.54, 1.04)

0.90 (0.62, 1.31)

1.25 (0.80, 1.96)

0.88 (0.35, 2.18)

0.83 (0.59, 1.17)

0.95 (0.72, 1.25)

 Schedule caste

1.01 (0.93, 1.09)

0.94 (0.78, 1.12)

1.31 (1.08, 1.59)

1.08 (0.91, 1.28)

1.18 (0.61, 2.28)

0.94 (0.74, 1.18)

0.92 (0.76, 1.11)

 OBC

1.02 (0.95, 1.08)

0.89 (0.77, 1.02)

1.09 (0.91, 1.30)

1.00 (0.86, 1.18)

1.04 (0.57, 1.90)

1.22 (1.00, 1.47)

1.12 (0.97, 1.29)

Birth order (1st ®)

 2nd

0.90 (0.84, 0.96)

0.88 (0.76, 1.02)

0.86 (0.72, 1.01)

1.04 (0.89, 1.22)

0.74 (0.45, 1.24)

0.91 (0.80, 1.03)

0.83 (0.72, 0.96)

 3rd

0.86 (0.79, 0.95)

0.87 (0.72, 1.06)

0.79 (0.61, 1.03)

1.04 (0.83, 1.31)

0.57 (0.21, 1.55)

0.87 (0.71, 1.07)

0.73 (0.58, 0.92)

  ≥ 4th

1.02 (0.90, 1.15)

1.08 (0.85, 1.37)

0.66 (0.47, 0.92)

1.48 (1.11, 1.98)

0.67 (0.19, 2.41)

0.72 (0.49, 1.05)

1.25 (0.95, 1.66)

Place of delivery (Institution ®)

 Home

1.16 (0.99, 1.36)

1.14 (0.90, 1.46)

0.99 (0.68, 1.43)

1.09 (0.75, 1.60)

0.87 (0.23, 3.35)

1.63 (0.87, 3.08)

1.94 (1.27, 2.95)

Family size (≤ 4 ®)

  > 4

1.04 (0.98, 1.11)

0.91 (0.80, 1.05)

1.09 (0.93, 1.27)

1.10 (0.94, 1.29)

0.93 (0.58, 1.49)

1.05 (0.93, 1.18)

0.98 (0.85, 1.13)

Wealth Index (Rich ®)

 Poor

1.28 (1.17, 1.40)

1.38 (1.15, 1.64)

1.58 (1.30, 1.93)

1.11 (0.81, 1.53)

1.21 (0.62, 2.34)

1.46 (1.17, 1.82)

1.56 (1.22, 2.00)

 Middle

1.03 (0.95, 1.11)

0.84 (0.71, 0.99)

1.24 (1.03, 1.51)

1.30 (1.05, 1.60)

1.06 (0.59, 1.89)

1.03 (0.88, 1.20)

1.43 (1.20, 1.70)

Mother's age group (35–49 ®)

 15–24 yrs

1.00 (0.90, 1.12)

1.28 (1.00, 1.63)

0.80 (0.60, 1.08)

0.99 (0.76, 1.30)

0.88 (0.38, 2.02)

0.86 (0.70, 1.07)

1.18 (0.91, 1.53)

 25–34 yrs

0.96 (0.88, 1.06)

1.16 (0.95, 1.42)

0.76 (0.59, 1.00)

0.94 (0.75, 1.17)

1.13 (0.58, 2.20)

0.79 (0.66, 0.95)

1.15 (0.92, 1.43)

Intended pregnancy (Wanted then ®)

 Wanted later

1.41 (1.24, 1.60)

1.73 (1.35, 2.21)

1.09 (0.82, 1.46)

1.80 (1.40, 2.31)

1.40 (0.51, 3.81)

0.57 (0.35, 0.91)

1.33 (0.91, 1.94)

 Wanted no more

1.14 (0.98, 1.33)

1.02 (0.74, 1.39)

0.59 (0.39, 0.90)

1.11 (0.82, 1.51)

0.82 (0.14, 4.89)

1.31 (0.89, 1.93)

2.62 (1.83, 3.74)

Mother's education (Higher ®)

 No education

1.28 (1.14, 1.44)

1.26 (1.01, 1.57)

1.29 (0.96, 1.74)

1.26 (0.96, 1.65)

0.92 (0.25, 3.41)

1.02 (0.74, 1.42)

0.73 (0.53, 1.02)

 Primary

1.80 (1.62, 2.01)

1.94 (1.56, 2.42)

1.56 (1.18, 2.05)

1.32 (1.01, 1.72)

1.04 (0.42, 2.59)

2.06 (1.59, 2.68)

1.51 (1.18, 1.94)

 Secondary

1.26 (1.18, 1.35)

1.39 (1.20, 1.62)

0.82 (0.67, 1.00)

1.38 (1.16, 1.63)

0.67 (0.37, 1.21)

1.39 (1.22, 1.59)

1.17 (1.00, 1.37)

Received full ANC (Yes ®)

 No

1.13 (1.07, 1.19)

1.05 (0.92, 1.19)

1.03 (0.88, 1.19)

1.09 (0.95, 1.24)

1.02 (0.64, 1.62)

1.07 (0.95, 1.20)

1.25 (1.11, 1.42)

Timing of first ANC visit (1st trimester ®)

 2nd trimester

1.09 (1.01, 1.17)

0.90 (0.78, 1.05)

1.32 (1.11, 1.57)

1.17 (0.97, 1.40)

1.02 (0.59, 1.79)

0.87 (0.71, 1.07)

1.26 (1.07, 1.49)

 3rd trimester

1.13 (1.00, 1.27)

1.34 (1.03, 1.73)

1.00 (0.69, 1.45)

1.69 (1.23, 2.32)

0.17 (0.02, 1.84)

0.89 (0.71, 1.11)

1.18 (0.92, 1.50)

Mother's BMI (Normal ®)

 Underweight

1.36 (1.26, 1.47)

1.35 (1.13, 1.60)

1.56 (1.30, 1.89)

1.44 (1.16, 1.79)

1.98 (1.09, 3.60)

1.48 (1.24, 1.77)

1.09 (0.92, 1.29)

 Overweight & Obese

1.02 (0.96, 1.08)

0.92 (0.80, 1.05)

0.99 (0.83, 1.18)

1.12 (0.96, 1.29)

0.85 (0.49, 1.48)

1.00 (0.89, 1.13)

1.19 (1.03, 1.37)

Mother's Anemia (Non anemic ®)

 Anemic

0.99 (0.94, 1.05)

1.10 (0.98, 1.24)

0.90 (0.78, 1.05)

1.07 (0.94, 1.22)

1.82 (1.12, 2.93)

0.90 (0.80, 1.00)

0.97 (0.86, 1.10)