Table 2 JBI Quality assessment
| Â | Were the criteria for inclusion in the sample clearly defined? | Were the study subjects and the setting described in detail? | Was the exposure measured in a valid and reliable way? | Were objective, standard criteria used for measurement of the condition? | Were confounding factors identified? | Were strategies to deal with confounding factors stated? | Were the outcomes measured in a valid and reliable way? | Was appropriate statistical analysis used? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chan et al. (2020) [31] | High | High | N/A | N/A | High | High | High | High |
Clark and Ogden (1999) [60] | High | High | N/A | N/A | Unclear | Unclear | High | High |
Crossland et al. (2022) [55] | High | Unclear | N/A | N/A | High | High | High | High |
Davies and Wardle (1994) [57] | Low | High | N/A | N/A | High | High | High | High |
Duncombe et al. (2008) [56] | Unclear | High | N/A | N/A | Low | Low | High | High |
Fuller-Tyszkiewicz et al. (2020) [65] | Low | High | N/A | N/A | Unclear | Low | Unclear | High |
Gough (1998)* [64] | High | High | N/A | N/A | High | Low | High | Unclear |
Harrison et al. (2019) [63] | High | High | N/A | N/A | High | Low | High | Unclear |
Inanir et al. (2015) [36] | High | High | N/A | N/A | Unclear | Low | High | Unclear |
Lombardo (2001)* [61] | Unclear | High | N/A | N/A | Unclear | Low | High | High |
Loth et al. (2011) [14] | Unclear | Low | N/A | N/A | High | High | High | High |
McCarthy (1998)*Â [70] | High | High | N/A | N/A | High | Low | High | Unclear |
Unclear | Unclear | N/A | N/A | Unclear | N/A | High | N/A | |
Pascoal et al. (2019) [62] | Low | Low | N/A | N/A | Unclear | High | High | Unclear |
Pieta et al. (2021) [58] | High | Unclear | N/A | N/A | Unclear | Low | High | High |
Ruggieri et al. (1979) [59] | Unclear | Unclear | N/A | N/A | Low | Low | High | High |
Skouteris et al. (2005) [12] | Unclear | High | N/A | N/A | High | Unclear | High | High |