Table 5 Prevalence of Caesarean section delivery by selected explanatory variables in Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu | NFHS-4 | NFHS-5 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
(2015-16) | (2019-21) | |||
Variable | % | p-value | % | p-value |
Caste | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||
Scheduled Castes | 31.8 | 44.4 | ||
Scheduled Tribes | 30.8 | 34.0 | ||
Other Backward Castes | 37.4 | 48.9 | ||
Others | 46.1 | 49.6 | ||
Religion | < 0.001 | 0.026 | ||
Hindu | 35.0 | 47.3 | ||
Muslim | 39.3 | 45.4 | ||
Others | 46.1 | 50.3 | ||
Type of Residence | 0.001 | 0.008 | ||
Urban | 37.5 | 49.3 | ||
Rural | 34.2 | 45.8 | ||
Woman’s education level | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||
Illiterate | 26.8 | 32.1 | ||
Primary | 31.3 | 46.9 | ||
Secondary | 34.5 | 43.8 | ||
Higher | 42.5 | 52.7 | ||
Age at marriage | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||
Below 18 years | 27.2 | 38.1 | ||
18 years or above | 37.8 | 49.0 | ||
Exposure to media | 0.478 | 0.706 | ||
Nil | 32.9 | 48.8 | ||
Partial | 36.2 | 47.0 | ||
Full | 34.1 | 50.1 | ||
Number of ANC visits | 0.032 | 0.058 | ||
0 | 32.3 | 46.5 | ||
1–3 | 31.7 | 50.0 | ||
4+ | 36.7 | 47.3 | ||
Woman’s age | < 0.001 | 0.117 | ||
15–24 | 30.4 | 40.3 | ||
25–34 | 37.6 | 48.8 | ||
35–49 | 45.8 | 60.3 | ||
Size of child at birth | 0.082 | 0.011 | ||
Average | 34.6 | 46.5 | ||
Small | 35.8 | 50.5 | ||
Large | 38.7 | 49.7 | ||
Woman’s BMI | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||
Underweight | 25.9 | 33.8 | ||
Normal | 35.4 | 46.6 | ||
Overweight | 57.3 | 60.6 | ||
Pregnancy Complications | 0.197 | < 0.001 | ||
No | 34.7 | 45.5 | ||
Present | 42.6 | 51.6 | ||
Ever had a terminated pregnancy | < 0.001 | 0.054 | ||
No | 34.8 | 46.8 | ||
Yes | 37.1 | 50.5 | ||
Birth Order | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||
1 | 39.2 | 52.4 | ||
2 | 36.8 | 47.0 | ||
3 | 23.4 | 32.7 | ||
4+ | 15.1 | 28.1 | ||
Wealth Quintile | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||
Poor | 28.6 | 38.9 | ||
Non-poor | 37.3 | 48.8 | ||
Place Of Delivery | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||
Public | 27.6 | 38.9 | ||
Private | 52.7 | 64.2 | ||