Table 4 The Binary Logistic Regression Analysed Factors Contributing to Birth Asphyxia in Thailand, 2016 – 2017

Quality of intrapartum care

851

20.00

3405

80.00

 - Excellent (100%)

153

17.97

773

22.70

ref

ref

 - Good (80–99%)

139

16.33

1949

57.24

1.45

1.19

1.77

 < 0.001

1.47

1.17

1.84

0.001

 - Fair–Low (< 50%)

559

65.69

683

20.06

1.03

0.80

1.32

0.828

1.01

0.77

1.34

0.924

Hospital level

 - University

315

37.02

1266

37.18

ref

 - Advanced

298

35.02

1180

34.65

1.015

0.850

1.23

0.869

 - Secondary

238

27.97

959

28.16

0.997

0.826

1.19

0.979

Nursing care model

 - Team

476

55.90

1963

57.70

ref

ref

 - Primary

234

27.50

917

26.90

1.052

0.883

1.254

0.568

1.58

1.24

2.02

 < 0.001

 - Combined

141

16.60

525

15.40

1.108

0.897

1.368

0.343

0.74

0.57

0.96

0.021

Specialized nurse

 - Unavailable

298

35.00

1207

35.40

ref

ref

 - Available

553

65.00

2198

64.60

1.02

0.87

1.19

0.814

1.21

0.96

1.53

0.106

Advanced practice nurse

 - Unavailable

660

20.00

2645

80.00

ref

 - Available

191

20.10

760

79.90

1.01

0.84

1.21

0.938

Nurse work-hours (hours/week)

 - ≥ 40 h

667

78.37

2698

79.27

ref

ref

 - < 40 h

184

21.62

707

20.76

.095

0.79

1.14

0.582

0.62

0.50

0.77

 < 0.001

Delivery conducted by:

 - Obstetrician

481

58.40

2070

65.40

ref

ref

 - Nurse-midwives

155

18.80

703

22.20

0.95

0.78

1.16

0.607

1.02

0.82

1.27

0.880

 - Resident or general physician

187

22.70

391

12.40

2.06

1.68

2.52

 < 0.001

1.99

1.58

2.49

 < 0.001

Gestational group

 - Term

556

65.50

2584

76.00

ref

ref

 - Late-preterm(34⁺⁰–36⁺⁶ weeks)

248

29.20

680

20.00

1.69

1.43

2.01

 < 0.001

1.63

1.34

1.98

 < 0.001

 - Late-term (40⁺¹–41⁺⁶ weeks)

45

5.30

137

4.00

1.53

1.08

2.16

0.018

1.61

1.11

2.34

0.012

Parity

 - Multiparous

550

35.40

2019

40.70

ref

 - Nulliparous

301

64.60

1386

59.30

1.25

1.073

1.467

0.004

Pre-pregnancy BMI

 - Normal weight

304

42.70

1235

42.00

ref

 - Underweight

277

38.90

1289

43.80

0.87

0.73

1.05

0.140

 - Overweight

91

12.80

288

9.80

1.28

0.98

1.68

0.067

 - Obese

40

5.60

128

4.40

1.27

0.87

1.85

0.214

Completion of ANC visits

 - Incomplete

322

40.20

1292

40.80

ref

 - Complete

479

59.80

1877

59.20

1.02

0.87

1.20

0.769

Birth weight

 - Normal

128

15.00

231

6.80

ref

ref

 - Low

689

81.00

3096

90.90

2.31

1.81

2.95

 < 0.001

2.29

1.77

2.96

 < 0.001

 - Macrosomia

34

4.00

78

2.30

1.99

1.32

3.00

0.001

2.14

1.37

3.35

0.001

Maternal and fetal high-risk conditions

Maternal comorbidity

  - No

562

66.04

2624

77.06

ref

ref

  - Yes

289

33.96

781

22.94

1.73

1.47

2.03

 < 0.001

1.65

1.35

1.94

 < 0.001

Intrapartum complications

  - No

737

86.60

2904

85.30

ref

  - Yes

114

13.40

501

14.70

0.90

0.72

1.12

0.328

Fetal complications

  - No

760

89.30

3230

94.90

ref

  - Yes

91

10.70

175

5.10

2.21

1.69

2.88

 < 0.001

Obstetric emergency

  - No

722

84.80

3108

91.30

ref

ref

  - Yes

129

15.20

297

8.70

1.87

1.50

2.33

 < 0.001

1.64

1.283

2.11

 < 0.001

Non-reassuring fetal status

  - Reassuring

552

64.86

2894

83.98

ref

ref

  - Non-reassuring

299

35.14

511

14.83

3.07

2.59

3.633

 < 0.001

3.04

2.51

3.69

 < 0.001

Nagelkerke R² = 0.140