Table 3 Quality of intrapartum care classified by hospital level
From: Contributing factors of birth asphyxia in Thailand: a case–control study
Intrapartum care | University | Advanced | Secondary | Total | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | |
Quality of intrapartum care | (n = 1581) | (n = 1254) | (n = 1421) | (n = 4256) | ||||
Mean | 93.94 ± 7.24 | 83.04 ± 14.56 | 86.07 ± 9.40 | 88.10±11.53 | ||||
Care quality level | (n = 1581) | (n =1254) | (n = 1421) | (n = 4256) | ||||
Fair (< 80%) | 95 | 6.00 | 394 | 31.40 | 333 | 23.40 | 822 | 19.30 |
Good (> 80%) | 1486 | 94.00 | 860 | 68.60 | 1088 | 76.60 | 3434 | 80.70 |
- Careful monitoring | (n = 1581) | (n = 1254) | (n = 1421) | (n = 4256) | ||||
No | 377 | 23.80 | 286 | 22.80 | 223 | 15.70 | 886 | 20.80 |
Yes | 1204 | 76.20 | 968 | 77.20 | 1198 | 84.30 | 3370 | 79.20 |
Partograph use (n = 3563) | ||||||||
No | 15 | 2.55 | 287 | 48.81 | 286 | 48.64 | 588 | 16.50 |
Yes | 1011 | 33.98 | 925 | 31.09 | 1039 | 34.92 | 2975 | 83.50 |
Cervical dilatation screening (n = 4250) | ||||||||
No | 62 | 25.41 | 152 | 62.3 | 30 | 12.30 | 244 | 5.74 |
Yes | 1453 | 36.27 | 1175 | 29.33 | 1378 | 34.40 | 4006 | 94.26 |
Partograph plot during active labour (n = 3397) | ||||||||
No | 8 | 2.01 | 244 | 61.15 | 147 | 36.84 | 399 | 11.75 |
Yes | 1010 | 33.69 | 912 | 30.42 | 1076 | 35.89 | 2998 | 88.25 |
Cervix dilation observed every 4 h during active labour (n = 3507) | ||||||||
No | 218 | 41.76 | 143 | 27.39 | 161 | 30.84 | 522 | 14.88 |
Yes | 1049 | 35.14 | 812 | 27.20 | 1,124 | 37.65 | 2985 | 85.12 |
Descending fetal head observed during active labour (n = 4072) | ||||||||
No | 199 | 52.93 | 162 | 43.09 | 15 | 3.99 | 376 | 9.23 |
Yes | 1270 | 34.36 | 1128 | 30.52 | 1298 | 35.12 | 3696 | 90.77 |
Contractions observed every 30 min during active labour (n = 3697) | ||||||||
No | 101 | 10.43 | 427 | 44.11 | 440 | 45.45 | 968 | 26.18 |
Yes | 1260 | 46.17 | 672 | 24.62 | 797 | 29.20 | 2729 | 73.82 |
Amniotic fluid membrane monitoring (n = 3998) | ||||||||
No | 8 | 4.23 | 144 | 76.19 | 37 | 19.58 | 189 | 4.73 |
Yes | 1360 | 35.70 | 1131 | 29.69 | 1318 | 34.60 | 3809 | 95.27 |
Amniotic fluid characteristic record (n = 3838) | ||||||||
No | 9 | 6.21 | 129 | 88.97 | 7 | 4.83 | 145 | 3.78 |
Yes | 1356 | 36.72 | 1059 | 28.68 | 1278 | 34.61 | 3693 | 96.22 |
FHR monitoring every 30 min during active labour (n = 3628) | ||||||||
No | 67 | 7.25 | 405 | 43.83 | 452 | 48.92 | 924 | 25.47 |
Yes | 1199 | 44.34 | 708 | 26.18 | 797 | 29.47 | 2704 | 74.53 |
Blood pressure screening on admission (n = 4183) | ||||||||
No | 0 | 0.00 | 110 | 98.21 | 2 | 1.79 | 112 | 2.68 |
Yes | 1453 | 35.69 | 1212 | 29.77 | 1406 | 34.54 | 4071 | 97.32 |
Blood pressure monitoring every 4 h (n = 3804) | ||||||||
No | 3 | 2.38 | 86 | 68.25 | 37 | 29.37 | 126 | 3.31 |
Yes | 1381 | 37.55 | 992 | 26.97 | 1305 | 35.48 | 3678 | 96.69 |
Pulse screening on admission (n = 4121) | ||||||||
No | 1 | 0.78 | 125 | 96.9 | 3 | 2.33 | 129 | 3.06 |
Yes | 1420 | 34.78 | 1248 | 30.57 | 1415 | 34.66 | 4083 | 96.94 |
Pulse monitoring every 4 h (n = 3804) | ||||||||
No | 3 | 2.38 | 86 | 68.25 | 37 | 29.37 | 126 | 3.31 |
Yes | 1381 | 37.55 | 992 | 26. 97 | 1305 | 35.48 | 3678 | 96.69 |
Temperature monitoring every 4 h (n = 4210) | ||||||||
No | 7 | 4.35 | 124 | 77.02 | 30 | 18.63 | 161 | 3.82 |
Yes | 1416 | 34.97 | 1248 | 30.82 | 1385 | 34.21 | 4049 | 96.18 |
FHR monitoring in 2nd stage (n = 2248) | ||||||||
No | 4 | 0.47 | 360 | 42.2 | 489 | 57.33 | 853 | 37.94 |
Yes | 457 | 32.76 | 490 | 35.13 | 448 | 32.11 | 1395 | 62.06 |
Severe NRFS monitoring every 5 min during 2nd stage (n = 771) | ||||||||
No | 117 | 28.61 | 216 | 52.81 | 76 | 18.58 | 409 | 53.05 |
Yes | 163 | 45.03 | 140 | 38.67 | 59 | 16.30 | 362 | 46.95 |
- Appropriate intervention | (n = 1521) | (n = 1254) | (n = 1421) | (n = 4256) | ||||
No | 1006 | 67.40 | 1065 | 84.90 | 1199 | 84.40 | 3330 | 78.20 |
Yes | 515 | 32.60 | 189 | 15.10 | 222 | 15.60 | 926 | 21.80 |
Encourage position change during active labour (n = 3645) | ||||||||
No | 551 | 30.26 | 545 | 29.93 | 725 | 39.81 | 1821 | 49.96 |
Yes | 721 | 39.53 | 511 | 28.02 | 592 | 32.46 | 1824 | 50.04 |
Clear bladder during active labour (n = 3607) | ||||||||
No | 543 | 34.90 | 535 | 34.38 | 478 | 30.72 | 1556 | 43.14 |
Yes | 733 | 35.74 | 496 | 24.18 | 822 | 40.08 | 2051 | 56.86 |
Uterus stimulated during active labour (n = 4021) | ||||||||
No | 739 | 30.93 | 727 | 30.43 | 923 | 38.64 | 2389 | 59.41 |
Yes | 793 | 48.59 | 482 | 29.53 | 357 | 21.88 | 1632 | 40.59 |
Encourage position change during NRFS (n = 829) | ||||||||
No | 81 | 39.71 | 63 | 30.88 | 60 | 29.41 | 204 | 24.61 |
Yes | 401 | 64.16 | 104 | 16.64 | 120 | 19.20 | 625 | 75.39 |
Oxygen management during NRFS (n = 839) | ||||||||
No | 30 | 28.85 | 50 | 48.08 | 24 | 23.08 | 104 | 12.40 |
Yes | 452 | 61.50 | 127 | 17.28 | 156 | 21.22 | 735 | 87.60 |
Reduced oxytocin during NRFS (n = 823) | ||||||||
No | 304 | 59.49 | 94 | 18.4 | 113 | 22.11 | 511 | 62.09 |
Yes | 178 | 57.05 | 67 | 21.47 | 67 | 21.47 | 312 | 37.91 |
Intravenous fluid loading during NRFS (n = 845) | ||||||||
No | 220 | 52.63 | 111 | 26.56 | 87 | 20.81 | 418 | 49.47 |
Yes | 262 | 61.36 | 72 | 16.86 | 93 | 21.78 | 427 | 50.53 |
- Team activated | (n = 332) | (n = 1001) | (n = 248) | (n = 1581) | ||||
No | 88 | 26.5 | 553 | 55.2 | 69 | 27.8 | 710 | 44.9 |
Yes | 244 | 73.5 | 448 | 44.8 | 179 | 72.2 | 871 | 55.1 |
For prolonged active labour (n = 1338) | ||||||||
No | 48 | 10.28 | 345 | 73.88 | 74 | 15.85 | 467 | 34.90 |
Yes | 210 | 24.11 | 360 | 41.33 | 301 | 34.56 | 871 | 65.10 |
For NRFS (n = 831) | ||||||||
No | 19 | 32.20 | 34 | 57.63 | 6 | 10.17 | 59 | 7.10 |
Yes | 463 | 59.97 | 135 | 17.49 | 174 | 22.54 | 772 | 92.90 |
For prolonged 2nd stage (n = 181) | ||||||||
No | 53 | 54.64 | 28 | 28.87 | 16 | 16.49 | 97 | 53.59 |
Yes | 9 | 10.71 | 39 | 46.43 | 36 | 42.86 | 84 | 46.41 |
Severe NRFS terminated in 30 min (n = 86) | ||||||||
No | 38 | 56.72 | 3 | 4.48 | 26 | 38.81 | 67 | 77.91 |
Yes | 6 | 31.58 | 1 | 5.26 | 12 | 63.16 | 19 | 22.09 |