Table 3 Predictors of neonatal death (bivariate analysis) (n = 10,624)
From: Predictors of neonatal mortality in Ghana: evidence from 2017 Ghana maternal health survey
Characteristics | Neonatal Mortality | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
No, n (%) | Yes, n (%) | Â | |
Place of Residence | Â | Â | Â |
Urban | 5044 (98.3) | 86 (1.7) | 0.51 |
Rural | 5390 (98.1) | 104(1.9) | |
Zone of settlement | Â | Â | Â |
Southern | 4690(98) | 97(2.0) | 0.26 |
Middle | 4029(98.3) | 69(1.7) | |
Northern | 1715(98.6) | 24(1.4) | |
Maternal Age (completed years) | Â | Â | Â |
15–19 | 552(97.9) | 12(2.1) | 0.93 |
20–24 | 1898(98.5) | 30(1.5) | |
25–29 | 2571(98.4) | 41(1.6) | |
30–34 | 2449(98.1) | 49(1.9) | |
35–39 | 1840(98.1) | 36(2.1) | |
40–44 | 832(98) | 17(2) | |
45–49 | 291(98.2) | 6(1.8) | |
Maternal Religion | Â | Â | Â |
Christian | 8060(98.2) | 147(1.8) | 0.70 |
Islam | 1819(98.3) | 32(1.7) | |
Traditional | 247(98.7) | 3(1.2) | |
Atheist | 307(97.2) | 9(2.8) | |
Maternal Education | Â | Â | Â |
No Formal Education | 2514(98.5) | 38(1.5) | 0.34 |
Primary | 1836(97.9) | 39(2.1) | |
JHS/JSS/Middle | 4136(98.3) | 73(1.7) | |
SHS/SSS/Vocational | 1295(97.4) | 35(2.7) | |
Tertiary | 651(99.0) | 7(1.0) | |
Wealth Index | Â | Â | Â |
Lowest | 2242(98.1) | 44(1.9) | 0.81 |
Second | 2263(98.2) | 41(1.8) | |
Middle | 2072(98.1) | 40(1.9) | |
Fourth | 2056(98.0) | 41(1.9) | |
Highest | 1801(98.7) | 24(1.3) | |
Number of ANC visits | Â | Â | Â |
None | 227(94.2) | 14(5.8) | 0.00** |
1 | 140(99.3) | 1(0.7) | |
2–4 | 1579(98.2) | 29(1.8) | |
> 4 | 8487(98.3) | 147(1.7) | |
Place of Delivery | Â | Â | Â |
Home | 2117(98.1) | 42(1.9) | 0.80 |
Public Health | 7005(98.2) | 130(1.8) | |
Private Health | 1191(98.6) | 17(1.4) | |
Other | 120(98.6) | 2(1.4) | |
Mode of Delivery | Â | Â | Â |
Caesarean Section | 1247(97.6) | 30(2.3) | 0.25 |
Not Caesarean Section | 9187(98.3) | 160(1.7) | |
Sex of baby | Â | Â | Â |
Boy | 5261(97.9) | 114(2.1) | 0.03* |
Girl | 5173(98.6) | 76(1.5) | |
Size of baby at birth | Â | Â | Â |
Large | 4360(98.3) | 78(1.7) | 0.07 |
Average | 4192(98.3) | 72(1.7) | |
Small | 1881(97.8) | 41(2.2) | |
Skin-to-skin contact immediately after birth | Â | Â | Â |
Yes | 5200(98.9) | 54(1.0) | 0.00** |
No | 5234(97.5) | 136(2.5) | Â |