Table 3 Factors associated with inadequate iodised salt intake among pregnant and breastfeeding mothers from multi-level logistic regression

Age group

15–19

Reference

Reference

20–24

0.84(0.56–1.28)

0.91(0.60–1.38)

25–29

0.92(0.61–1.39)

1.01(0.67–1.53)

30–34

0.77(0.49–1.22)

0.87(0.54–1.38)

35–39

0.89(0.55–1.44)

0.98(0.60–1.60)

40–44

1.24(0.71–2.15)

1.38(0.78–2.44)

45–49

1.37(0.71–2.63)

1.46(0.76–2.80)

Level of Education

None

Reference

Reference

Primary

1.01(0.73–1.65)

1.30(0.84–2.03)

Secondary/technical

1.02(0.65–1.60)

1.26(0.72–2.20)

Higher

0.61(0.32–1.14)

0.78(0.38–1.59)

Non-formal

1.81(1.36–2.42)

1.70(1.25–2.31)

Exposure to mass media

No

Reference

Reference

Yes (TV/radio)

0.86(0.68–1.07)

0.87(0.69–1.09)

Parity

0 (None)

Reference

Reference

1–2

0.97(0.68–1.37)

0.94(0.66–1.09)

3–4

1.03(0.69–1.55)

0.96(0.64–1.45)

5 or more

1.01(0.65–1.56)

0.90(0.57–1.40)

Currently working

No

Reference

Reference

Yes

0.83(0.63–1.09)

0.99(0.74–1.34)

Sex of household head

Male

Reference

Reference

female

1.27(0.86–1.89)

1.30(0.88–1.94)

Religion of household head

Christianity

Reference

Reference

Islam

1.07(0.76–1.52)

0.87(0.60–1.25)

Others

0.71(0.31–1.65)

0.70(0.29–1.68)

Ethnicity of household head

Hausa

Reference

Reference

Igbo

0.29(0.16–0.54)

0.42(0.18–1.01)

Yoruba

0.93(0.58–1.50)

0.99(0.51–1.92)

Other ethnic group

0.49(0.35–0.70)

0.86(0.58–1.28)

Education of Household head

None

Reference

Reference

Primary

1.30(0.90–1.89)

1.24(0.85–1.82)

Secondary/technical

1.50(1.07–2.11)

1.44(1.02–2.04)

Higher

1.59(1.01–2.50)

1.45(0.91–2.32)

Non-formal

1.94(1.33–2.83)

1.71(1.16–2.52)

Wealth status

Poorest

Reference

Reference

Poorer

0.68(0.48–0.97)

0.75(0.53–1.06)

Middle

0.53(0.36–0.80)

0.64(0.42–0.97)

Richer

0.65(0.43–0.98)

0.86(0.54–1.38)

Richest

0.38(0.22–0.67)

0.51(0.26–0.99)

Community characteristics

Place of residence

Urban

Reference

Reference

Rural

0.79(0.57–1.08)

0.85(0.58–1.23)

Socio-economic status

1 (Least deprived)

Reference

Reference

2 (More deprived)

3.49(2.57–4.73)

1.56(0.95–2.54)

3 (Most deprived)

4.71(3.38–6.55)

1.96(1.04–3.72)

State characteristics

Socio-economic status

1 (Least deprived)

Reference

Reference

2 (More deprived)

1.85(1.14-3.00)

1.27(0.75–2.17)

3 (Most deprived)

2.58(1.50–4.44)

1.65(0.90–3.01)

Region

North Central

Reference

Reference

North East

1.29(0.71–2.35)

1.41(0.75–2.65)

North West

5.14(3.18–8.30)

4.01(2.27–7.08)

South East

0.88(0.50–1.56)

2.02(0.77–5.33)

South South

1.23(0.74–2.03)

1.57(0.89–2.76)

South West

2.85(1.77–4.59)

3.46(1.79–6.68)

Random effect

ICC

38.7(33.4–44.3)

43.2(38.1–48.4)

37.9(32.8–43.4)

37.5(32.2–43.1)

Model fit statistic

Loglikelihood

-2764.482

-2851.675

-2778.321

-2721.608

AIC

5590.964

5713.350

5574.642

5525.216

BIC

5792.441

5745.846

5633.135

5791.685