Table 1 Background Characteristics of Women with At least One Live Birth in the Last 3 Years
Background Characteristics | Bangladesh | Pakistan | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Frequency (N = 4440) | Percent | Frequency (N = 3780) | Percent | |
Women’s Age (years) | ||||
15–19 | 772 | 17.39 | 219 | 5.79 |
20–34 | 3390 | 76.35 | 2879 | 76.16 |
35–49 | 278 | 6.26 | 682 | 18.05 |
Women’s Education | ||||
No formal education | 278 | 6.26 | 2183 | 57.75 |
Primary education not completed | 756 | 17.03 | 159 | 4.21 |
Primary education completed | 465 | 10.47 | 299 | 7.91 |
Junior school completed | 1864 | 41.98 | 329 | 8.70 |
Secondary or higher | 1077 | 24.26 | 810 | 21.43 |
Place of Residence | ||||
Urban | 1523 | 34.30 | 1625 | 42.99 |
Rural | 2917 | 65.70 | 2155 | 57.01 |
Woman as Household Head | ||||
Yes | 538 | 12.12 | 321 | 8.49 |
No | 3902 | 87.88 | 3459 | 91.51 |
Household Size | ||||
1–5 members | 2235 | 50.34 | 729 | 19.29 |
6 or more members | 2205 | 49.66 | 3051 | 80.71 |
Employment Status | ||||
Currently employed | 1678 | 37.79 | 425 | 11.24 |
Not currently employed | 2762 | 62.21 | 3355 | 88.76 |
Wealth Quintile | ||||
Poorest | 970 | 21.85 | 998 | 26.40 |
Poorer | 901 | 20.29 | 814 | 21.53 |
Middle | 795 | 17.91 | 681 | 18.02 |
Richer | 863 | 19.44 | 611 | 16.16 |
Richest | 911 | 20.51 | 676 | 17.89 |
Husband’s Education | ||||
No formal education | 618 | 13.92 | 1213 | 32.09 |
Primary education not completed | 837 | 18.85 | 176 | 4.66 |
Primary education completed | 643 | 14.48 | 353 | 9.34 |
Junior school completed | 1213 | 27.32 | 576 | 15.24 |
Secondary or higher | 1129 | 25.43 | 1462 | 38.67 |
Wanted Last Child | ||||
Yes | 3493 | 78.67 | 3384 | 89.52 |
No | 947 | 21.33 | 396 | 10.48 |
Last Live Birth Order | ||||
First | 1692 | 38.11 | 783 | 20.71 |
Second | 1449 | 32.64 | 816 | 21.59 |
Third | 748 | 16.84 | 628 | 16.62 |
Fourth or higher | 551 | 12.41 | 1553 | 41.08 |
Sex of Last Birth | ||||
Male | 2327 | 52.41 | 1893 | 50.08 |
Female | 2113 | 47.59 | 1887 | 49.92 |
Pregnancy Termination History | ||||
Yes | 742 | 16.71 | 1050 | 27.78 |
No | 3698 | 83.29 | 2730 | 72.22 |
Media Exposure | ||||
Yes | 2398 | 54.01 | 1651 | 43.68 |
No | 2042 | 45.99 | 2129 | 56.32 |
Women’s Autonomy | ||||
Yes | 2423 | 54.57 | 949 | 25.11 |
No | 2017 | 45.43 | 2831 | 74.89 |
Facility Delivery | ||||
Yes | 2075 | 46.73 | 2250 | 59.52 |
No | 2365 | 53.27 | 1530 | 40.48 |
Mode of Delivery | ||||
Cesarean section | 1392 | 31.35 | 567 | 15.00 |
Normal delivery | 3048 | 68.65 | 3213 | 85.00 |
Number of ANC Visits | ||||
Zero | 372 | 8.38 | 715 | 18.91 |
1 to 4 | 2445 | 55.07 | 1843 | 48.76 |
More than four | 1623 | 36.55 | 1222 | 32.33 |