Fig. 1

Perinatal-related mortality rates using national definitions, against a 28 + weeks stillbirth rate benchmark. Notes to figure: See Additional file 3 for country-specific definitions. ^a Stillbirth rates are for 25 + weeks gestation (data missing for 28 + weeks). ^b Data from Spain and Italy may be inaccurate due to data quality issues, such as missing data and underreporting. In the case of the Spanish 2019 dataset (National Institute of Statistics, fetal deaths), gestational age data was missing for 12% of cases. Based on a previously conducted analysis of the 2015 dataset, 84% of cases with missing data on gestational age were replaced with a gestational age ≥ 28 weeks. Abbreviations: ENND, early neonatal death; LNND, late neonatal death; SBR, stillbirth rate