Table 1 Sample characteristics, overall and by empowerment level
Full sample | Low empowerment | Medium empowerment | High empowerment | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
n | 1609 | 402 | 788 | 419 |
Women's age | 25.8 (5.5) | 24.9 (5.7) | 25.6 (5.4) | 27.1 (5.1) |
Women's depressive symptoms | 13.8 (8.9) | 14.2 (9.0) | 13.7 (8.8) | 13.5 (9.0) |
Women's education | 6.6 (3.5) | 6.3 (3.2) | 6.7 (3.6) | 6.8 (3.5) |
Education differential | 1.1 (3.8) | 0.9 (3.7) | 0.8 (3.8) | 1.8 (4.0) |
Wealth | 0.0 (2.4) | -0.0 (2.4) | 0.0 (2.5) | -0.1 (2.4) |
Monthly household income ($) | 172.6 (163.5) | 162.7 (130.9) | 177.5 (189.4) | 173.0 (136.7) |
Improved water | 1609 (100%) | 402 (100%) | 788 (100%) | 419 (100%) |
Improved sanitation | 1100 (68%) | 277 (69%) | 540 (69%) | 283 (68%) |
WAMI | 18.6 (4.4) | 18.3 (4.4) | 18.5 (4.5) | 18.8 (4.2) |
Number of members | 5.2 (1.9) | 5.7 (2.0) | 5.2 (1.9) | 4.7 (1.6) |
Number of in-laws | 1.3 (1.9) | 2.0 (2.1) | 1.3 (1.9) | 0.72 (1.5) |
Number of children < 15 | 1.9 (0.8) | 1.8 (0.8) | 1.8 (0.8) | 2.01 (0.8) |
Youngest child's age, months | 13.5 (5.3) | 13.2 (5.1) | 13.5 (5.4) | 13.82 (5.5) |
Empowerment score | 46.0 (17.1) | 24.1 (7.6) | 45.7 (6.5) | 67.45 (8.4) |
Number antenatal care visits | 3.1 (2.65) | 2.6 (2.3) | 3.1 (2.7) | 3.59 (2.8) |
No antenatal care | 218 (14%) | 68 (17%) | 108 (14%) | 42 (10%) |
1–3 antenatal care visits | 841 (52%) | 229 (57%) | 413 (52%) | 199 (48%) |
≥ 4 antenatal care visits | 550 (34%) | 105 (26%) | 267 (34%) | 178 (43%) |