Comparative study between oxytocin and combination of tranexamic acid and ethamsylate in reducing intra-operative bleeding during emergency and elective cesarean section after 38 weeks of normal pregnancy

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the included studies

Parameters	Oxytocin group (n = 100)	Tranexamic acid group (n = 100)	Saline group (n = 100)	Standardized difference^a
Age	30.85 ± 4.12	30.91 ± 4.43	30.64 ± 4.44	0.027
BMI during pregnancy	27.15 ± 5.81	26.97 ± 5.98	27.48 ± 5.88	0.036
Parity
PG	16	28	25	0.130^a
P1	17	15	16
P2	20	23	23
P3	36	24	26
P4	7	3	3
P5	4	7	7
Previous CS	30	19	23	0.106^a
CS type
Elective	100	97	97	0.142^a
Emergency	0	3	3	0.142^a
Indication for CS
Previous CS	24	18	14	0.226^a
Maternal request	7	0	0
Malpresentation^b	37	33	35
In labor and not favorable vaginal delivery^c	6	21	27
CPD	13	14	14
Others^d	13	14	10

BMI Body Mass Index, CPD Cephalopelvic Disproportion, CS Cesarean Section, P Parity, and PG Primigravida
^aAn absolute standardized difference of > 0.1 is conventionally considered to indicate imbalance
^bBreach, footling, occipital-posterior, cord prolapse, cord around neck, and deflexed head
^cElderly primary gravida, large-sized baby, primary infertility, rupture of membrane, failed labor progress, and delayed first stage
^dObstructed labor, fetal distress, and prolonged labor

ISSN: 1471-2393